Pneumonia

Performance of AI Approaches for COVID-19 Diagnosis Using Chest CT Scans: The Impact of Architecture and Dataset.

AI is emerging as a promising tool for diagnosing COVID-19 based on chest CT scans. The aim of this study was the comparison of AI models for COVID-19 diagnosis. Therefore, we: (1) trained three distinct AI models for classifying COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia (nCP) using a large, clinically relevant CT dataset, (2) evaluated the models' performance using an independent test set, and (3) comp...

Microbiome and fragmentation pattern of blood cell-free DNA and fecal metagenome enhance colorectal cancer micro-dysbiosis and diagnosis analysis: a proof-of-concept study.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, and it can be prevented by performing early screening. As a hallmark of cancer, the human microbiome plays important roles in the occurrence and development of CRC. Recently, the blood microbiome has been proposed as an effective diagnostic tool for various diseases, yet its performance on CRC deserves further exploration. In this study, 133...

Introduction to WBE case estimation: A practical toolset for public health practitioners.

Public health practitioners can use wastewater data to grasp disease dynamics, including incidence, prevalence, and potential disease trajectory. The ...

Predictive models of severe disease in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at an early stage on CT images using topological properties.

Prediction of severe disease (SVD) in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia at an early stage could allow for more appropriate triage...

Pathogenicity and virulence of lumpy skin disease virus: A comprehensive update.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD), which was confined to the Africa for many decades, has expanded its geographical distribution to numerous countries across A...

An explainable artificial intelligence framework for weaning outcomes prediction using features from electrical impedance tomography.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) might cause ventilator-associated pneumonia and diaphragmatic injury, and may lead to worsening cli...

Effect of pregnancy and infancy exposure to outdoor particulate matter (PM, PM, PM) and SO on childhood pneumonia in preschool children in Taiyuan City, China.

There is currently a paucity of research on the effects of early life exposure to particulate matter (PM) of various size fractions on pneumonia in pr...

Role of artificial intelligence in advancing immunology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various biomedical fields, particularly immunology, by enhancing vaccine development, immunotherapies,...

A machine learning model for predicting severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in school-aged children.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an interpretable machine learning (ML) model for predicting severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) in order to provide re...

CAD-Unet: A capsule network-enhanced Unet architecture for accurate segmentation of COVID-19 lung infections from CT images.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, medical imaging has emerged as a primary modality for diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia. In clinical ...

Artificial Intelligence Models for Pediatric Lung Sound Analysis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric respiratory diseases, including asthma and pneumonia, are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Auscultation of l...

Vaccinology in the artificial intelligence era.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has already transformed vaccine antigen design and could transform the entire vaccinology pipeline, including immune resp...

Diagnosis accuracy of machine learning for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is complex, which requires lung biopsy, if necessary, and multidisciplinary discussio...

Delayed flowering phenology of red-flowering plants in response to hummingbird migration.

The radiation of angiosperms is marked by a phenomenal diversity of floral size, shape, color, scent, and reward. The multi-dimensional response to se...

Subtractive genomics approach: A guide to unveiling therapeutic targets across pathogens.

Subtractive genomics is an adaptable bioinformatics technique that is used to identify potential therapeutic targets by differentiating essential gene...

A vaccine chatbot intervention for parents to improve HPV vaccination uptake among middle school girls: a cluster randomized trial.

Conversational artificial intelligence, in the form of chatbots powered by large language models, offers a new approach to facilitating human-like int...

Virtual lung screening trial (VLST): An in silico study inspired by the national lung screening trial for lung cancer detection.

Clinical imaging trials play a crucial role in advancing medical innovation but are often costly, inefficient, and ethically constrained. Virtual Imag...

External validation and application of risk prediction model for ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Early identification and prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients with mechanical ventilation (MV) through reliable...

A framework predicting removal efficacy of antibiotic resistance genes during disinfection processes with machine learning.

Disinfection has been applied widely for the removal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to curb the spread of antibiotic resistance. Quantitative p...

Unlocking the Potential of Weakly Labeled Data: A Co-Evolutionary Learning Framework for Abnormality Detection and Report Generation.

Anatomical abnormality detection and report generation of chest X-ray (CXR) are two essential tasks in clinical practice. The former aims at localizin...