Public Health & Policy

Enhancing Facial Privacy Protection via Weakening Diffusion Purification

The rapid growth of social media has led to the widespread sharing of individual portrait images, which pose serious privacy risks due to the capabilities of automatic face recognition (AFR) systems for mass surveillance. Hence, protecting facial privacy against unauthorized AFR systems is essential. Inspired by the generation capability of the emerging diffusion models, recent methods employ di...

Review GIDE -- Restaurant Review Gastrointestinal Illness Detection and Extraction with Large Language Models

Foodborne gastrointestinal (GI) illness is a common cause of ill health in the UK. However, many cases do not interact with the healthcare system, posing significant challenges for traditional surveillance methods. The growth of publicly available online restaurant reviews and advancements in large language models (LLMs) present potential opportunities to extend disease surveillance by identifyi...

Detecting and Preventing Data Poisoning Attacks on AI Models

This paper investigates the critical issue of data poisoning attacks on AI models, a growing concern in the ever-evolving landscape of artificial in...

Ensemble optimal control for managing drug resistance in cancer therapies

In this paper, we explore the application of ensemble optimal control to derive enhanced strategies for pharmacological cancer treatment. In particu...

An Iterative, User-Centered Design of a Clinical Decision Support System for Critical Care Assessments: Co-Design Sessions with ICU Clinical Providers

This study reports the findings of qualitative interview sessions conducted with ICU clinicians for the co-design of a system user interface of an a...

Pathology-Aware Adaptive Watermarking for Text-Driven Medical Image Synthesis

As recent text-conditioned diffusion models have enabled the generation of high-quality images, concerns over their potential misuse have also grown...

DEAL-YOLO: Drone-based Efficient Animal Localization using YOLO

Although advances in deep learning and aerial surveillance technology are improving wildlife conservation efforts, complex and erratic environmental...

A Protocol to Exposure Path Analysis for Multiple Stressors Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Novel Approach Using NHANES Data

Background: Multiple medical and non-medical stressors, along with the complicity of their exposure pathways, have posted significant challenges to ...

A Comparative Study of Diabetes Prediction Based on Lifestyle Factors Using Machine Learning

Diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease with significant health and economic burdens worldwide. Early prediction and diagnosis can aid in effective ...

A Bridge to Nowhere: A Healthcare Case Study for Non-Reformist Design

In the face of intensified datafication and automation in public sector industries, frameworks like design justice and the feminist practice of refu...

OCL: Ordinal Contrastive Learning for Imputating Features with Progressive Labels

Accurately discriminating progressive stages of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention. It often involves multiple i...

Leveraging LLMs for Mental Health: Detection and Recommendations from Social Discussions

Textual data from social platforms captures various aspects of mental health through discussions around and across issues, while users reach out for...

Learning to Generate Long-term Future Narrations Describing Activities of Daily Living

Anticipating future events is crucial for various application domains such as healthcare, smart home technology, and surveillance. Narrative event d...

Wavelet-Enhanced Desnowing: A Novel Single Image Restoration Approach for Traffic Surveillance under Adverse Weather Conditions

Image restoration under adverse weather conditions refers to the process of removing degradation caused by weather particles while improving visual ...

Detection of Customer Interested Garments in Surveillance Video using Computer Vision

One of the basic requirements of humans is clothing and this approach aims to identify the garments selected by customer during shopping, from surve...

Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to Improve Classification of Atrial Septal Defects in Electronic Health Records.

BACKGROUND: International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes can accurately identify patients with certain congenital heart defects (CHDs). In ICD-...

Strategies in using artificial intelligence to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Infectious diseases caused by pathogens resistant to antimicrobial treatments, defined as antimicrobial resistance (AMR), are a serious global health ...

A Double Machine Learning Approach for the Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Under the Test-Negative Design: Analysis of Québec Administrative Data.

The test-negative design (TND), which is routinely used for monitoring seasonal flu vaccine effectiveness (VE), has recently become integral to COVID-...

A Novel Multi-Task Teacher-Student Architecture with Self-Supervised Pretraining for 48-Hour Vasoactive-Inotropic Trend Analysis in Sepsis Mortality Prediction

Sepsis is a major cause of ICU mortality, where early recognition and effective interventions are essential for improving patient outcomes. However,...

ML-Driven Approaches to Combat Medicare Fraud: Advances in Class Imbalance Solutions, Feature Engineering, Adaptive Learning, and Business Impact

Medicare fraud poses a substantial challenge to healthcare systems, resulting in significant financial losses and undermining the quality of care pr...