Public Health

Application of Emerging Technologies in the Antiviral Field.

Viral diseases pose a serious threat to global public health, agriculture, and biosecurity. Conventional antiviral strategies are often limited by an incomplete understanding of disease mechanisms, poor targeting precision, and slow response times. Emerging technologies are now reshaping the landscape of antiviral research. This review examines the roles of four key frontiers, including organoid m...

Structure prediction and drug screening targeting monkeypox virus polymerase and surface proteins.

The global outbreak and ongoing spread of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) have highlighted the urgent need for effective antiviral therapeutics. Here, we integrated artificial intelligence-based protein structure prediction, large-scale virtual screening, and experimental validation to identify preliminary hit compounds targeting MPXV. Using AlphaFold2, we predicted high-accuracy structures for seven e...

Temporal validation of machine-learning models for shingles vaccine nonvaccination among U.S. adults aged 50 years and older.

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster vaccination is recommended for U.S. adults aged 50 years and older, yet many remain unvaccinated. Prior National Health Inte...

Socioeconomic determinants of malaria in Ugandan children: An interpretable machine learning approach for public health policy.

Malaria remains a critical global health crisis, placing a disproportionate burden on children under five in Uganda. To transition from broad surveill...

PI-QUAL in Clinical Practice: Rationale and a Step-by-Step Approach to Implementation.

Prostate MRI has become integral to prostate cancer diagnosis and management, extending beyond prebiopsy triage to biopsy guidance, local staging, act...

The Rise of Regulatogens: A Crisis of Insouciance and Dilettantism in the Regulatory DART World-And How We Must Fix It.

Developmental and reproductive toxicity testing (DART) safety tests are expensive and time-consuming. The future of DART testing is trending toward in...

Cross-protective human antibodies against the Mpox virus discovered through structure-guided screening.

Mpox virus (MPXV) poses an increasing global health threat, as underscored by two World Health Organization declarations of Public Health Emergencies ...

Practical guide to structuring the Discussion section in clinical and epidemiological studies.

This is the last of three articles that provide step-by-step guides on how to structure the content of a scientific article to ensure a coherent and r...

Dedicated Endoscopy for Barrett's Oesophagus With Higher Dysplasia Yield May Reduce Seattle Protocol Biopsies: Results From UK Multicentre Study.

BACKGROUND: Dedicated service for Barrett's oesophagus (BO) surveillance may be more effective than conventional service, according to some single cen...

Monitoring and improving the effectiveness of cleaning medical and surgical devices: A practical verification framework.

BACKGROUND: Cleaning is the foundational step in medical device reprocessing; residual soil and biofilm can compromise disinfection and sterilization ...

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Strengthen Acute and Critical Care Nursing Practice: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping clinical decision support systems (CDSSs). In acute and critical care, nurses provide continuous...

Evaluating the Accuracy, Empathy, and Readability of Generative AI Versus Registered Nurses in Discharge Planning: A Vignette-Based Study.

AIM: To compare the multidimensional performance of discharge instructions generated by generative AI (GPT-4) versus those created by clinical registe...

Harmonising Depression and Anxiety Measures Across International Cohorts: A Framework Validated Using Measurement Invariance.

AIMS: Cross-national research on mental health trajectories requires harmonised measures that are valid and comparable. However, measurement scales of...

Unsupervised Ensemble Learning for Active Drug-Induced Liver Injury Surveillance: Integrating Pharmacokinetic Burden With Enzyme Trajectories.

PURPOSE: Traditional drug-induced liver injury (DILI) surveillance relying on static laboratory thresholds frequently misses early kinetic evolution. ...

Can LLMs reliably perform epidemiological extraction in elite football?

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries remain a critical burden in professional football, resulting in prolonged absence and high economic costs. W...

Integrating Microfluidics Chips into Vector-Borne Disease Surveillance: Technological Breakthroughs and Persistent Hurdles.

BACKGROUND: Vector-borne diseases (VBDs), such as malaria, dengue, and Zika virus infections, remain a critical global health burden, particularly in ...

Retrospective population-based cohorts for assessing the performance of algorithmic diabetes classification and for quantifying the true burden of type 1, type 2 and LADA phenotypes in Quebec: a study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes affects 537 million people worldwide, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) estimated to account for most cases. Type 1 diabetes (T1D), la...

Comparison and interpretability of machine learning algorithms to predict survival of patients with prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance and interpretability of multiple ML algorithms for survival prediction in prostate cancer (CaP) and to assess w...

Artificial Intelligence-Powered One Health: A Predictive Framework for Managing Persistent Chemical Threats across Human, Animal, and Environmental Systems.

The increasing burden of persistent organic pollutants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, heavy metals, and emerging contaminants represents a glob...

Microphysiological immune-on-chip systems: engineering human immunity for precision immunotherapy, vaccine development, and autoimmune disease modelling.

Microphysiological immune-on-chip systems have emerged as transformative biomedical microdevices capable of recreating the structural, biochemical, an...