Public Health

Serological surveillance for malaria elimination in Southeast Asia: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: As Southeast Asian countries advance toward malaria elimination, challenges such as residual transmission reservoirs and zoonotic spill-over require high-resolution micro-surveillance. While conventional diagnostics often miss hidden transmission foci in low transmission settings, serological assays provide an essential supplement by measuring both historical and recent exposure. This ...

Research on influenza surveillance and a prediction model based on multi-source data.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a multivariate Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model that integrates multi-source surveillance data for forecasting influenza activity. This study aimed to identify the most predictive variables and establish an optimized data fusion framework to enhance public health surveillance. METHODS: We collected influenza case data, influenza-like illness (ILI) reports, and...

Multistate animal-contact-related nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica outbreaks in the United States, 2009-2022: Network and machine learning analyses of exposure sources, settings, and serovars.

BACKGROUND: Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) is a major public‑health threat in the United States of America (U.S.). Evaluating associations bet...

Topological data analysis for predicting disease outbreaks in humanitarian settings: A machine learning approach.

BACKGROUND: Humanitarian settings are highly vulnerable to infectious disease outbreaks because displacement, crowding, disruption of health services,...

Environmental conditions and animal hosts shape the spatial transmission risks of echinococcosis in China.

Echinococcosis poses a major public-health challenge and substantial socioeconomic burdens in pastoral regions. Yet the spatial transmission risks in ...

Integrating epidemiologic modeling and explainable machine learning to predict and identify factors associated with self-reported depression among adults in Tennessee, United States.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a major public health concern, with Tennessee ranking among the U.S. states with the highest prevalence. Despite its burden,...

Longitudinal serum uric acid transition patterns and their clinical, genetic, and dietary determinants: prospective prediction of incident hyperuricemia and gout in a Korean population-based cohort.

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal serum uric acid (SUA) transition patterns and their clinical, genetic, and dietary determinants remain poorly characterized. ...

Advancing Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk Prediction With Patient-Centered Machine Learning: Machine Learning Modeling Study.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a significant health concern in South Korea. Recently, machine learning (ML) models have emerged as powe...

AI-based oculomics for trajectory-driven risk stratification of pathologic myopia in paediatric high myopia.

AIMS: To identify early oculomic biomarkers predictive of pathologic myopia (PM) in children with high myopia (HM) and to develop an artificial intell...

Network analysis of pairwise relative tuberculosis transmission probabilities in Lima, Peru.

Identifying transmission events is important in understanding infectious disease dynamics. Such events are typically unobservable, particularly in res...

The Influence of Social Media Messaging on Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Attitudes and Confidence Among Adolescent Males: Group Discussion Study.

BACKGROUND: Despite the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine being available to males for the past 12 years, adolescent males continue to lag in HPV vac...

Pan-pathogen vaccine approaches: Toward broad-spectrum immunity in a One Health era.

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) represent an escalating threat to global public health, as exemplified by outbreaks of COVID-19, E...

Falls in Assisted Living Facilities: Can Artificial Intelligence Improve Documentation and Reduce Injury?

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted surveillance device, AUGi, improves documentation of falls and injury rates in a...

Characteristics of Plausible Source Cases Responsible for Recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission, United States, 2018-2022.

Tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks in the United States can cause substantial illness. Using surveillance and genotyping data, we applied a plausible source-...

Beyond Training: Systems Framework for Sustainable Health Informatics Investment in Africa.

Across Africa, substantial investment has built national health information systems (HISs), including the surveillance platforms, reporting tools, and...

A scalable Earth observation-based machine learning framework for high-resolution mapping and uncertainty assessment of climate-sensitive child health vulnerability in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh remains highly vulnerable to climate-induced hazards that disproportionately affect child health, yet spatially explicit assessments of the...

Machine learning-based prediction of antibiotic resistance gene distribution in agricultural soils under different climate change scenarios.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in agricultural soils represent a major public health concern, as climate change is believed to augment their disse...

Utilizing artificial intelligence and geospatial analysis to examine the urban built environment, social vulnerability, and child neglect in Los Angeles.

BACKGROUND: Child neglect, defined as a parent or guardian's failure to provide basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, or medical care, is a wid...

Leveraging clinical epidemiology concepts to strengthen machine learning fairness evaluations.

OBJECTIVES: The increasing use of machine learning (ML) in clinical care makes fairness a central issue. Fairness, defined as the absence of dispariti...

Automating infection indicator extraction in home healthcare through instruction-tuned large language models.

OBJECTIVE: Home healthcare (HHC) clinical notes contain critical infection indicators that clinicians need in structured "indicator + context" pairs. ...