Public Health

A Scalable Predictive Modelling Approach to Identifying Duplicate Adverse Event Reports for Drugs and Vaccines

The practice of pharmacovigilance relies on large databases of individual case safety reports to detect and evaluate potential new causal associations between medicines or vaccines and adverse events. Duplicate reports are separate and unlinked reports referring to the same case of an adverse event involving a specific patient at a certain time. They impede statistical analysis and mislead clini...

Exponentially Weighted Instance-Aware Repeat Factor Sampling for Long-Tailed Object Detection Model Training in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Surveillance Scenarios

Object detection models often struggle with class imbalance, where rare categories appear significantly less frequently than common ones. Existing sampling-based rebalancing strategies, such as Repeat Factor Sampling (RFS) and Instance-Aware Repeat Factor Sampling (IRFS), mitigate this issue by adjusting sample frequencies based on image and instance counts. However, these methods are based on l...

Value of risk-contact data from digital contact monitoring apps in infectious disease modeling

In this paper, we present a simple method to integrate risk-contact data, obtained via digital contact monitoring (DCM) apps, in conventional compar...

Small Object Detection: A Comprehensive Survey on Challenges, Techniques and Real-World Applications

Small object detection (SOD) is a critical yet challenging task in computer vision, with applications like spanning surveillance, autonomous systems...

CRCL: Causal Representation Consistency Learning for Anomaly Detection in Surveillance Videos

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) remains a fundamental yet formidable task in the video understanding community, with promising applications in areas s...

Model development and validation for predicting small-cell lung cancer bone metastasis utilizing diverse machine learning algorithms based on the SEER database.

The aim of this study was to devise a machine learning algorithm with superior performance in predicting bone metastasis (BM) in small cell lung cance...

Ship Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery for Arbitrarily Oriented Object Detection

This research paper presents an innovative ship detection system tailored for applications like maritime surveillance and ecological monitoring. The...

Epidemic Forecasting with a Hybrid Deep Learning Method Using CNN-LSTM With WOA-GWO Parameter Optimization: Global COVID-19 Case Study

Effective epidemic modeling is essential for managing public health crises, requiring robust methods to predict disease spread and optimize resource...

COVID 19 Diagnosis Analysis using Transfer Learning

Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are responsible for COVID-19, a highly transmissible disease that emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Dur...

Gun Detection Using Combined Human Pose and Weapon Appearance

The increasing frequency of firearm-related incidents has necessitated advancements in security and surveillance systems, particularly in firearm de...

TAIJI: Textual Anchoring for Immunizing Jailbreak Images in Vision Language Models

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive inference capabilities, but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that can induce harmfu...

Enhancing Facial Privacy Protection via Weakening Diffusion Purification

The rapid growth of social media has led to the widespread sharing of individual portrait images, which pose serious privacy risks due to the capabi...

Review GIDE -- Restaurant Review Gastrointestinal Illness Detection and Extraction with Large Language Models

Foodborne gastrointestinal (GI) illness is a common cause of ill health in the UK. However, many cases do not interact with the healthcare system, p...

VaxGuard: A Multi-Generator, Multi-Type, and Multi-Role Dataset for Detecting LLM-Generated Vaccine Misinformation

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved text generation capabilities. However, they also present challenges,...

A Protocol to Exposure Path Analysis for Multiple Stressors Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Novel Approach Using NHANES Data

Background: Multiple medical and non-medical stressors, along with the complicity of their exposure pathways, have posted significant challenges to ...

A Comparative Study of Diabetes Prediction Based on Lifestyle Factors Using Machine Learning

Diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease with significant health and economic burdens worldwide. Early prediction and diagnosis can aid in effective ...

To Vaccinate or not to Vaccinate? Analyzing $\mathbb{X}$ Power over the Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the normal course of life -- from lock-downs and virtual meetings to the unprecedentedly swift creatio...

Leveraging LLMs for Mental Health: Detection and Recommendations from Social Discussions

Textual data from social platforms captures various aspects of mental health through discussions around and across issues, while users reach out for...

Wavelet-Enhanced Desnowing: A Novel Single Image Restoration Approach for Traffic Surveillance under Adverse Weather Conditions

Image restoration under adverse weather conditions refers to the process of removing degradation caused by weather particles while improving visual ...

Detection of Customer Interested Garments in Surveillance Video using Computer Vision

One of the basic requirements of humans is clothing and this approach aims to identify the garments selected by customer during shopping, from surve...