Public Health

Artificial intelligence model predicts malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia and optimizes interventions.

PURPOSE: Oral leukoplakia (OL), the most common oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), poses a significant risk for transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite its prevalence and variable malignant transformation rates, optimal management remains controversial due to limited evidence on causation, risk stratification, and treatment efficacy. This commentary addresses these ...

Development of a machine learning-based prognostic prediction model and a web-based tool for pediatric hepatoblastoma: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database study.

BACKGROUND: Prognostic evaluation of pediatric hepatoblastoma (HB) remains challenging due to the low accuracy of traditional risk stratification models. This study aims to leverage the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to develop and compare several machine learning-based survival models and create an online prediction tool for individualized survival probability es...

Breaking the culture habit: Complementing culture-based veterinary diagnostics with metagenomic data -A case study of feline and canine skin infections.

BACKGROUND: Skin infections have been described as the primary cause for veterinary small animal practice visits, frequently requiring topical and sys...

Plasma proteomic profiles reveal proteins and characteristic patterns associated with hypertension: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal proteomic studies on hypertension remain scarce. We evaluated the epidemiological associations of circulating proteins with h...

Imaging and AI in tertiary prevention of lung cancer: Narrative review and clinical perspectives.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a structured narrative review of current evidence and future directions for artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the ter...

An integrated AI-driven vaccine design process: a systematic review of workflows from generative design to translational prediction.

Traditional vaccine development faced significant hurdles, including lengthy timelines and high costs, which hindered rapid responses to pathogens. Al...

Pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains one of the deadliest malignancies, characterized by late diagnosis, aggressive biology and limited therapeuti...

A comparison of two- and three-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccination series on anti-monkeypox virus immunity.

The 2022 global outbreak of clade IIb mpox represented a turning point in public health's handling of poxviruses. The primary vaccine available for th...

Leveraging large language models on free-text symptoms from participatory surveillance enhances pertussis forecasting in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Declines in childhood vaccination in the U.S. have contributed to a resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases, including a notable increa...

Enabling DCIS subtyping: leveraging foundation models for robust grading and molecular biomarker scoring.

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor of invasive breast cancer. Due to a lack of reliable prognostic markers, nearly all women ...

Design and in silico evaluation of an mRNA vaccine against HTLV-1 using AI-driven reverse vaccinology approaches.

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first discovered human oncogenic retrovirus that can cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV-1-as...

Leveraging natural language processing software to implement and execute abdominal aortic aneurysm surveillance.

BACKGROUND: Long-term follow-up is essential for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Our health system implemented an AAA surveillance pr...

A Machine-Learning Approach to Predicting Adenoma Detection and Surveillance Impact of Deeper Sections in Colorectal Polypectomy Specimens.

CONTEXT.—: In the routine practice of pathology, cutting deeper levels into paraffin blocks of colorectal polypectomy specimens that do not show a les...

An epidemiological study of Parkinson's disease in Chinese older adults using the Global Burden of Disease and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study databases.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased globally, especially in China, and emerged as a critical public health challeng...

Controlled human malaria infection in adults identify combinations of merozoite antigens associated with clinical immunity.

Two vaccines are currently licensed against Plasmodium falciparum malaria but offer only partial protection that wanes, necessitating repeated dosing ...

Harnessing AI and bioinformatics to combat methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus: Innovations in genomic surveillance, diagnosis, and therapeutic development.

The global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), poses a major health challenge, de...

Getting ahead of sudden cardiac arrest in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients.

INTRODUCTION: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains one of the most devastating complications of pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Despite ma...

Risk and Protective Factors Associated With HIV-Related Mortality in Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: A Model-Based Meta-Regression.

IMPORTANCE: Mortality among children and young adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains substantially higher in resource-limited set...

Modelling approaches for predicting the distribution of skin NTDs: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Skin neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) such as cutaneous leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, mycetoma, and podoconiosis affect millions ...

Methods for estimating the burden of acute tropical infectious diseases: A scoping review.

Acute infectious diseases, particularly lots of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), pose significant public health challenges, especially in resource-...