Pulmonology

Bridging fibrosis and function: an integrated mechanistic and therapeutic framework for Peyronie's disease and related erectile dysfunction.

INTRODUCTION: Peyronie's disease (PD) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are prevalent and frequently coexisting male sexual disorders that share endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and tunical fibrosis as common pathophysiologic pathways. Recognizing their interconnected nature has reframed both conditions within a unified model of penile vascular-fibrotic disease. OBJECTIVES: To synthesize rec...

Dosimetric parameter-based machine learning to predict radiation pneumonitis following breast radiotherapy.

Objective.Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is an important toxicity following breast radiotherapy. Although modern treatment techniques limit lung exposure, some patients still develop symptomatic RP, and predicting who is at risk remains difficult. This study aimed to develop and validate machine learning (ML) models based on ipsilateral-lung dosimetric parameters to predict clinically significant RP a...

Development and Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Bedside Score (IPA-2T2C2DW) for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Non-Neutropenic Immunocompromised Hosts.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate machine learning-based diagnostic models for IPA using data available within 24 hours of ICU admission, construct t...

A radiomic approach to non-invasively decode tumor immune microenvironmental features in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to develop radiomics-based multivariate classifiers able to non-invasively decipher the tumor immune microenvironment (...

Missed Pulmonary Nodules on CT: Determinants and Implications for Radiologic Practice.

Undetected or unreported lung nodules are a significant cause of failure-to-diagnose errors in radiology. The available literature indicates consisten...

Cooperative Multimetal Chemistry Enables Precision Synthesis of High-Entropy Oxide Nanocrystal Catalysts.

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) offer vast compositional design space for discovering emergent functionalities, yet their controlled nanoscale synthesis re...

Physics-Aware Machine-Learning-Driven Inverse Design of Broadband Ultra-Open Acoustic Metamaterials.

Ventilated acoustic silencers combining strong sound attenuation with high ventilation are pivotal for advanced noise control. However, balancing atte...

Seismo-Mat: mattress-embedded inertial sensors for unobtrusive monitoring of heart rate, respiratory rate, and bed occupancy during sleep.

OBJECTIVE: Continuous monitoring of heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) during sleep may support longitudinal assessment and the identification ...

Rapid Resolution of Hypoxemia is Common and Associated with Lower Mortality Among Intubated Patients with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence, clinical trajectory, and biologic phenotype of patients with rapidly improving acute hypoxemic respiratory failur...

Biomarkers of nivolumab benefit in resectable non-small cell lung cancer.

Perioperative nivolumab significantly improved event-free survival (EFS) compared with placebo in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer ...

[Advances in the application of artificial intelligence in the whole-course management of bronchial asthma].

Bronchial asthma (asthma) is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease with a steadily increasing global disease burden. Current asthma management ...

[Advances in phage therapy for pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae].

Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) has emerged as a formidable nosocomial pathogen in the era of antimicrobial resistance, with mortality from pneumonia cause...

Prediction of Antimicrobial Resistance in People Living With Cystic Fibrosis Using Machine Learning.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing challenge in people living with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), who often experience chronic lung infection and re...

Diagnostic decision-making, vertebral augmentation, and osteoporosis therapy in vertebral compression fractures: a narrative review.

Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) represent the most prevalent osteoporotic fracture and constitute a growing cause of morbidity, mortality, and ...

The Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension International Risk Score: A Prediction Model for Outcomes Using Machine Learning.

BACKGROUND: Risk prediction is fundamental to pulmonary hypertension (PH) guideline-based care, yet pediatric-specific risk prediction models remain l...

NRP1 silencing induces ROS-mediated cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer via upregulation of AGER.

OBJECTIVE: The specific role of Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and its link to oxidative stress in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) progression remains unclear...

Critical Care-Specific vs General-Purpose Large Language Models in Emergency Intensive Care Unit Diagnosis: Single-Center Retrospective Paired Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: The emergency intensive care unit (EICU) manages the most critically ill patients, where rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential yet cha...

Real-world evidence on antibiotic use among privately insured beneficiaries in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective analysis of claims data.

OBJECTIVES: Inappropriate and broad-spectrum antibiotic use contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and higher healthcare costs. In Saudi Arabia...

Deep learning for CT-less attenuation correction synthesis in non-small cell lung cancer: A proof-of-concept evaluated for quantitative and physical characteristics.

To develop and rigorously validate a deep learning framework for CT-free positron emission tomography (PET) attenuation correction in non-small cell l...

Network-guided transcriptomics identifies drug-linked host-response biomarkers in tuberculosis disease-state transition.

Distinguishing active tuberculosis (ATB) from the post-therapy state remains a key challenge in disease monitoring, as host-response signatures are of...