Pulmonology

Label-Free Evaluation of Lung and Heart Transplant Biopsies Using Tissue Autofluorescence-Based Virtual Staining.

We present a panel of virtual staining neural networks for lung and heart transplant biopsies, providing rapid and high-quality histological staining results while bypassing the traditional histochemical staining process. Allograft rejection is a common complication of organ transplantation, which can lead to life-threatening outcomes if not promptly managed. Histological examination is the gold...

Quantitative Mapping of Oxygen Affinity to Local Chemical Environments in Ti-Zr-Nb-Ta Alloys via Machine Learning.

Simultaneously enhancing strength and ductility is a longstanding challenge in materials science. Recent studies show that incorporating oxygen into Ti-Zr-family refractory high-entropy alloys (HEAs) can overcome this trade-off, with improved properties stemming from interstitial oxygen occupancy. However, oxygen occupancy is inherently site-specific and strongly influenced by local chemical envir...

Therapeutic horizons in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), the progressive inflammatory form of MASLD, is now a leading cause of chronic liver disease w...

An efficient attention Densenet with LSTM for lung disease detection and classification using X-ray images supported by adaptive R2-Unet-based image segmentation.

Lung diseases represent one of the most prevalent health challenges globally, necessitating accurate diagnosis to improve patient outcomes. This work ...

Improving Tuberculosis Detection in Chest X-Ray Images Through Transfer Learning and Deep Learning: Comparative Study of Convolutional Neural Network Architectures.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, as current diagnostic methods are often resource-intensive, time-consumin...

Predicting long-term kidney graft failure using novel multi-omic blood-based biomarkers and artificial intelligence tools.

Kidney transplantation (KT) remains the preferred treatment for end-stage renal disease. With advancements in immunosuppressive regimens and KT survei...

Prognostic model of lung adenocarcinoma from the perspective of cancer-associated fibroblasts using single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We examined CAF subgroups via gene ontolog...

Development and validation of a modified SOFA score for mortality prediction in candidemia patients.

Candidemia is a life-threatening bloodstream infection associated with high mortality rates, particularly in critically ill patients. Accurate risk st...

Aggressiveness-guided nodule management for lung cancer screening in Europe-justification for follow-up intervals and definition of growth.

The European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI) nodule management recommendation for lung cancer screening with low-dose CT builds on existing nodule ...

Lung cancer screening with low-dose CT: definition of positive, indeterminate, and negative screen results. A nodule management recommendation from the European Society of Thoracic Imaging.

Early detection of lung cancer through low-dose CT lung cancer screening in a high-risk population has proven to reduce lung cancer-specific mortality...

Machine Learning simulations reveal oxygen's phase diagram and thermal properties at conditions relevant to white dwarfs.

Current studies show that oxygen does not aggregate into a polymeric phase even under pressures up to 10 TPa. To address the critical knowledge gap in...

Gradual poisoning of a chest x-ray convolutional neural network with an adversarial attack and AI explainability methods.

Given artificial intelligence's transformative effects, studying safety is important to ensure it is implemented in a beneficial way. Convolutional ne...

Identifying real time surveillance indicators to estimate COVID-19 hospital admissions in Colorado during and after the public health emergency.

Questions remain about how best to focus surveillance efforts for COVID-19 and other emerging respiratory diseases. We used an archive of COVID-19 dat...

Fusing satellite imagery and ground-based observations for PM air pollution modeling in Iran using a deep learning approach.

With the rapid advancement of urbanization and industrialization in cities, air pollution has become one of the significant environmental challenges a...

Identification and verification of immune and oxidative stress-related diagnostic indicators for malignant lung nodules through WGCNA and machine learning.

Early detection of lung nodules (LNs) is critical for prevention and treatment of lung cancer. However, current noninvasive diagnostic methods face si...

Proteomic risk scores for predicting common diseases using linear and neural network models in the UK biobank.

Plasma proteomics provides a unique opportunity to enhance disease prediction by capturing protein expression patterns linked to diverse pathological ...

A comprehensive study based on machine learning models for early identification Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in segmental/lobar pneumonia.

Segmental/lobar pneumonia in children following Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection has a significant threat to the children's health, so early recog...

Progress and challenges of artificial intelligence in lung cancer clinical translation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks and transformers, have significantly impacted cancer care. For lung can...

Highly stable two-level current fluctuation in complex oxide heterostructures.

Two-level systems based on point defects in dielectric oxides offer promising entropy source for random number generators. The random telegraph noise ...

Machine learning and transformer models for prediction of postoperative pneumonia risk in patients with lower limb fractures.

Postoperative pneumonia, a prevalent complication arising from lower limb fracture surgery, can significantly prolong hospitalization periods and elev...