Pulmonology

Machine learning for identifying risk factors of nosocomial infection in cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonia.

Assumption-light feature discovery outperforms Cox-based selection for PM2.5 constituent analysis in an open benchmark.

AI misapplications are widespread in environmental research, often arising from limited understanding of machine learning assumptions and their alignment with complex exposure-outcome relationships. Motivated by Chen et al., who used marginal structural Cox models to study PM2.5 constituents and highlighted sensitivity to modeling choices, we use a public COPD mortality-air quality benchmark as a ...

Radiomics for Differentiating Autoimmune-Related Interstitial Lung Disease from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Narrative Review.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents a wide variety of lung diseases, commonly resulting in irreversible changes with worsening quality of life ...

Expanding role of cell-free DNA for the early diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary diseases.

Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has firmly established itself as a cornerstone of liquid biopsy, advancing the noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring ...

Engineering Immune Cell to Counteract Aging and Aging-Associated Diseases.

Aging and age-related diseases are a major public health concern, driving interest in anti-aging research. While small molecules and natural compounds...

Accelerated Reduced Field of View T2-Weighted Imaging of Pancreaticobiliary Disorders Using Deep Learning-Based Reconstruction: Reduction of Acquisition Time and Improvement of Image Quality.

BACKGROUND: Reduced field-of-view (rFOV) T2WI improves in-plane spatial resolution. Deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) has emerged as enhancing ...

Revealing Local Structures through Machine-Learning-Fused Multimodal Spectroscopy.

Atomistic structures of materials offer valuable insights into their functionality. Determining these structures remains a fundamental challenge in ma...

Urine Proteomics Identifies Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Fibrosis Severity in Pediatric Chronic Pancreatitis.

INTRODUCTION: Reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic fibrosis severity are lacking, hindering effective tre...

Neuroimmune Cross-Talk and Multilevel Cascades in Fentanyl Toxicity: Interplay of Hypoxic Stress, Glial Activation, and Synaptic Dysregulation in Systems-Level Neurodegeneration.

Fentanyl, an ultra-potent synthetic opioid, has traditionally been characterized by its acute toxic effects, particularly respiratory depression. Howe...

An Efficient 3D Latent Diffusion Model for T1-contrast Enhanced MRI Generation.

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are commonly employed with T1-weighted (T1w) MRI to enhance lesion visualization but are restricted in patien...

Analysis of differential photoplethysmography signal patterns in apnea and hypopnea.

OBJECTIVE: Photoplethysmography, a non-invasive optical technique that measures changes in blood volume in the microvascular bed of tissue, offers a p...

Comparative study on predicting postoperative distant metastasis of lung cancer based on machine learning models.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related incidence and mortality worldwide. Its tendency for postoperative distant metastasis significa...

Predicting and interpreting protein and phosphoprotein abundance from pan-cancer and single-cell transcriptomes.

Proteins that impact phenotype and disease are often approximated by RNA expression, which poorly infers protein abundance. We developed DeepGxP, a de...

Role of WNK4 and FKBP5 in asthma: Insights from bioinformatics analysis, machine learning, and preliminary validation.

BACKGROUND: The complex and heterogeneous molecular mechanisms of asthma are currently unclear, and treatment outcomes are dismal in some patients. Th...

Machine Learning-Guided Coordination Engineering of M-N-C Single-Atom Electrocatalysts for Superior Oxygen Reduction.

Precisely tailoring metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) single-atom catalysts (SACs) with high catalytic activity and selectivity for specific chemical reac...

Cross-sensor spectral fusion for coastal water physicochemical assessment using optimized ensemble machine learning approaches.

Rising coastal pollution has increased use of remote sensing-machine learning monitoring frameworks. However, most studies rely on limited spectral fe...

Passive data do not improve prediction or detection of alcohol consumption beyond temporal patterns in major depression: A 90-day cross-validated study.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders and frequently co-occurs with alcohol use disorders, increasing t...

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with lymphomatous effusion: Diagnostic challenges and cytology-based approaches.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis. Lymphomatous serous effusion, defined as ...

Novel proteomic subtypes of frailty with distinct molecular patterns and prognosis.

OBJECTIVES: The frailty phenotype has limitations in capturing the biological heterogeneity of the condition. Our study identified subtypes of frailty...

Advanced Technologies for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Exhaled Breath Samples: A Systematic Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVES: Non-invasive methods based on exhaled breath samples have emerged as promising alternatives for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, e...