Pulmonology

Combined effects of normobaric hypoxia and cold on respiratory system responses to high-intensity exercise.

Cold temperatures (<-15°C) increase exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), while hypoxic-induced hyperventilation exacerbates respiratory muscle fatigue for a given exercising task. This study aimed to determine the individual and combined effects of cold and normobaric hypoxia on the respiratory system responses to high-intensity exercise. Fourteen trained male runners ( : 64 ± 5 mL/kg/min)...

Semi-quantitative analysis of Right Ventricular Myocardial First-pass Perfusion Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Systemic Sclerosis and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Right ventricular (RV) myocardial perfusion has been touted as a primary mechanism to understand impairment in RV function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, measuring RV perfusion presents technical challenges. In this study, our aim is to employ a semi-quantitative approach using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to measure RV free wall first-pass...

Mitral annular plane systolic excursion to left atrial volume ratio - a strainless relation with left ventricular filling pressures.

Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) offers diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with heart failure. However, LASr may be technically challengin...

Visit-to-visit FEV-variation and Mortality in WTC Exposed FDNY Rescue/Recovery Workers.

RATIONALE: FEV and its longitudinal change are mortality risk-factors. Visit-to-visit-FEV-variation is a risk-factor for death in cystic fibrosis but ...

Dual-action membrane-chimeric liposomes with self-reinforcing targeting for acute lung injury treatment.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common acute and critical syndrome with high mortality. The uncontrollable feedback loop of inflammation is the primary c...

Step up to triple therapy versus switch to dual bronchodilator therapy in patients with COPD on an inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β-agonist: post-hoc analyses of KRONOS.

BACKGROUND: In people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β-agonist (ICS/LABA) therapy, the Global...

Physiological comparison of noninvasive ventilation and high-flow nasal oxygen on inspiratory efforts and tidal volumes after extubation: a randomized crossover trial.

BACKGROUND: Extubation failure leading to reintubation is associated with high mortality. In patients at high-risk of extubation failure, clinical pra...

Evaluation of alveolar bone preservation and oxidative stress reduction with açai in Wistar rats with induced apical periodontitis.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effects of açai on bone and systemic damage caused by apical periodontitis (AP) in an animal model.

Respiratory Exposure to Agriculture Dust Extract Alters Gut Commensal Species and Key Metabolites in Mice.

Exposure to agricultural dust containing antimicrobial-resistant pathogens poses significant health risks for workers in animal agriculture production...

Simultaneous initiation of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy and once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid for tuberculosis prevention in antiretroviral-naive people with HIV: an open-label, non-randomised, phase 1/2 trial.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis preventive treatment with 3 months of once-weekly isoniazid (900 mg) and rifapentine (900 mg; 3HP) is a recommended option fo...

Predicting Mesothelioma Using Artificial Intelligence: A Scoping Review of Common Models and Applications.

IntroductionMesothelioma is a type of lung cancer caused by asbestos exposure, and early diagnosis is crucial for improving survival chances. Artifici...

Mechanisms involved in pro-inflammatory responses to traffic-derived particulate matter (PM) in THP-1 macrophages compared to HBEC3-KT bronchial epithelial cells.

The pro-inflammatory responses in THP-1-derived macrophages and human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) were examined after exposure to size-fract...

Impacts and mechanism of liver-specific knockout of selenoprotein I on hepatic phospholipid metabolism, selenogenome expression, redox status, and resistance to CCl toxicity.

Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) was known initially as ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1 (EPT1) and later as a selenoprotein. Because global knockout of Sel...

Artificial Intelligence-augmented public health interventions in India.

The adoption and scaling of technology in public health settings in the Global South have traditionally been challenging. The introduction of artifici...

Synthetic Lung Ultrasound Data Generation Using Autoencoder With Generative Adversarial Network.

Class imbalance is a significant challenge in medical image analysis, particularly in lung ultrasound (LUS), where severe patterns are often underrepr...

Optimizing Strategy for Lung Cancer Screening: From Risk Prediction to Clinical Decision Support.

PURPOSE: Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening is effective in reducing lung cancer mortality by detecting the disease at earlier, more treata...

Machine learning models for predicting survival in lung cancer patients undergoing microwave ablation.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate predictive models assessing survival outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with micr...

Interpretable machine learning for early predicting the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in ischemic stroke patients in the intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in ischemic stroke (IS) patients is linked to a variety of detrimental outcomes. Cu...

Serum Vitamin D and the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 and Seasonal Influenza Infection During the Twindemic Period.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The association between circulating vitamin D levels and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) o...

MedFILIP: Medical Fine-Grained Language-Image Pre-Training.

Medical vision-language pretraining (VLP) that leverages naturally-paired medical image-report data is crucial for medical image analysis. However, ex...