Pulmonology

Endurance exercise remodels pulmonary vein sleeve myocytes and promotes a proarrhythmic atrial substrate.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) is higher in endurance athletes. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is effective in this group, implicating pulmonary vein (PV) remodelling, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study investigated if endurance training remodels PV sleeves and the PV-left atrial (LA) junction to promote PV triggers and a permissive peri-antral substrate f...

Mean airway pressure as an independent risk factor for developing acute kidney injury in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a multi-center retrospective analysis.

Mechanical ventilation is a well-recognized risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI), but the specific role of mean airway pressure (Pmean) remains insufficiently defined. We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study including 17,428 mechanically ventilated patients from the MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD databases. To evaluate the association between Pmean within the first 24 h of ventilation an...

Correlation of Patient-Reported Symptoms With Rhinogram Features Beyond Simple Airway Resistance.

INTRODUCTION: Rhinomanometry, a reference measure for the nasal airway, is often considered a research tool with only weak-to-moderate correlations wi...

Machine learning-based prediction of 3-month mortality in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer and bone metastases.

Elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and bone metastases face a dire prognosis, creating an urgent need for accurate short-term mo...

Blood Transcriptomic Signatures Distinguish Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease from Colonization: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

AbstractPulmonary infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), particularly Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), are increasingly recognized ...

Integrative multi-omics and machine learning reveal glycolysis-related biomarkers driving vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Metabolic reprogramming toward aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon analogous to the Warburg effect, is increasingly recognized as a hallmark of pulmonary...

Multi-region proteomic mapping identifies FTL1 and SERPINA3K as protective factors in cardiac aging.

Aging is a well-recognized risk factor in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), primarily due to its association with the gradual decline in cardiac functio...

Machine learning-based risk prediction of 28-day mortality for sepsis patients with augmented renal clearance.

Augmented renal clearance (ARC) frequently occurs in critically ill septic patients and is known to impact survival outcomes. To address this, we aime...

An automatic detection model for spread through air spaces in postoperative pathological sections based on deep learning in NSCLC.

Spread through air spaces (STAS) is recognized as an aggressive pattern of invasion in lung cancer and has been associated with poorer survival outcom...

Unraveling the molecular landscape of chronic radiation injury: From oxidative stress signaling to translational modeling (Review).

The expanding footprint of human radiation exposure, driven by advances in interventional diagnostics, the resurgence of the nuclear industry and the ...

Effect of a sports-medicine-guided football program on physical fitness in adolescents: A controlled school-based trial.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with sports medicine principles into school-based physical education may enhance physical fitness and reduce ...

Risk Prediction Model for Critical Illness in Connective Tissue Disease-associated Interstitial Lung Disease.

OBJECTIVE: This study was to optimize the current methods for identifying and predicting the risk of critical illness in patients with connective tiss...

Longitudinal Plasma Proteomics Reveals an Immuno-thrombotic Signature that Predicts Radiation Pneumonitis in Lung Cancer.

PURPOSE: Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is a dose-limiting toxicity in lung cancer radiotherapy, often poorly predicted by static clinical and dosimetric ...

Pulmonary vascular volume heterogeneity in association with emphysema: a multicenter study based on non-contrast chest CT.

PURPOSE: To investigate the associations between emphysema and pulmonary vessels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and con...

Application of machine learning to predict bronchiolitis severity in children: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.

UNLABELLED: Several severity scores have been developed to assess disease severity in infants with bronchiolitis, but they often lack objectivity and ...

Effect of a Personalized Mobile Health Intervention Using Artificial Intelligence (the WARIFA App) Versus a Nonpersonalized Intervention on User-Defined Objectives, Healthy Lifestyles, and Management of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, cancer, and type 2 diabetes sh...

Integrative transcriptomic analysis identifies immune-associated candidate genes and altered immune cell infiltration in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive vascular disease characterized by immune dysregulation and pulmonary vascular remod...

Decoding the role of polyamine metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma prognosis: A triangulated approach combining transcriptome, single-cell and Mendelian randomization analyses.

The progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is influenced by polyamine metabolism, which modulates antitumor immunity, although the underlying mecha...

Lung Cancer Screening and Prevention: Beyond Conventional Strategies in a Rapidly Changing Global Milieu.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide despite advances in early detection and treatment. Furthermore, its epidem...

Statistical Models Addressing Acute Respiratory Diseases: A Scoping Review.

This review highlights the application of statistical models in addressing respiratory diseases worldwide. A scoping review was conducted following Jo...