Latest AI and machine learning research in pulmonology for healthcare professionals.
Background Liver fibrosis (LF) represents a pivotal pathological phase in the advancement of chronic liver disorders toward cirrhosis. Amino acid metabolism reprogramming plays a pivotal role in its pathogenesis, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Methods Integrating three public datasets (GSE14323, GSE84044, and GSE136103) with amino acid metabolism-related ge...
Background Community-wide active case-finding (ACF) is being increasingly implemented as a tuberculosis (TB) elimination intervention. However, conventional site selection strategies may result in low yields from screening. We evaluated whether an artificial intelligence (AI) software guided targeting strategy could improve detection of TB during screening activities (called camps) relative to rou...
Abstract Selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) remains a promising strategy for preserving the anti-inflammatory benefit of PDE4 inhibi...
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the most common primary lung cancer worldwide. Despite advancements in...
Purpose: In clinical practice, accurate prediction of disease risk must be accompanied by transparent, human-understandable explanations to support di...
Deep learning models achieved high accuracy in pneumonia detection from chest X-rays. However, their generalization across clinical domains remains li...
While tree pollen is a major trigger of allergic respiratory conditions and different taxa exhibit varying allergenic potentials, the lack of high-res...
Background: Apnoea of prematurity is common and may cause desaturation and/or bradycardia. There is marked variability in infants cardiorespiratory re...
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive asbestos-linked cancer with limited therapeutic options and a dismal 5-year survival rate of ~5%...
Lung neuroendocrine tumours (lung NETs) are rare neoplasms comprising approximately 2% of lung cancers. Recent studies have identified distinct molecu...
Pneumonia is the leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with pneumonia lag behind other maj...
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant global public health challenge with substantial morbidity and mortality. Current TB biomarkers lack ...
Contactless assessment of cardiopulmonary function remains an unmet need, with current approaches relying either on subjective clinical examination or...
Maximal oxygen consumption VO2max is the gold standard for cardiorespiratory fitness but requires resource-intensive physical testing. Recent reports ...
Multi-window CT imaging captures complementary pathological information across anatomical structures of differing densities, yet existing deep learnin...
Bronchoscopy is routinely conducted in pulmonary clinics and intensive care units, but navigating the complex branching of the respiratory tract remai...
Unsupervised segmentation of pulmonary pathologies in CT remains an open challenge due to the absence of annotated multi pathology cohorts and the fai...
The accurate classification of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules in CT scans is critical for early lung cancer screening, yet remains challenging...
We introduce iTRIALSPACE, a programmable evaluation framework for controlled assessment of lung CT models. Standard benchmarks are static retrospectiv...
The training data of large language models (LLMs) comprises a wide range of biomedical literature, reflecting data from many different patient populat...