Pulmonology

Negligible impact of perifissural nodules in an AI-first reader workflow from UK lung screening trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of perifissural nodules (PFNs) on radiologist workload within an AI-first reader workflow for lung cancer screening, given that AI cannot morphologically classify benign PFNs measuring ≥ 100 mm3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One thousand two hundred fifty baseline low-dose CT scans from the UK Lung Screening (UKLS) Trial were analyzed. A commercially available AI softwa...

Extubation Decision Support in Critical Care: A Multimodal Machine Learning Framework Integrating Segmented Radiographs and Routine Clinical Data.

Extubation failure remains a major challenge in critically ill patients and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Current extubation decisions rely heavily on weaning tests and subjective interpretation of chest radiographs. This study aimed to develop a clinically feasible multimodal machine learning (ML) framework that integrates routinely available data to provide complementary support ...

Severe COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Therapeutics, and Prognostic Models From Nationwide Data.

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed ongoing clinical and public health challenges worldwide, with Korea providing a unique perspectiv...

Machine learning derived ORC6 as a hub biomarker for predicting tumor microenvironment, prognoses, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma.

The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a DNA-binding complex composed of six subunits involved in DNA replication in cancer cells. The prognostic and...

Accurate segmentation of pulmonary arteries and veins via a human-in-the-loop framework with application in COPD.

Comprehensive multi omics profiling and Mendelian randomization assessment of lipid metabolites in lung cancer prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. This study aimed to develop prognostic prediction models for ...

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in contemporary cardiology: physiological insights, novel applications and evolving algorithms.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) allows for the study of the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance through assessment of exercise integrative...

Comparison of vacuum ultraviolet-based oxidation as ultrafiltration pretreatment in real water: Performance, risk assessment, and mechanistic insights.

Natural organic matter (NOM), a ubiquitous foulant in aquatic environments, is commonly regarded as a predominant driver of ultrafiltration (UF) membr...

Enhancing pulmonary embolism diagnosis: a squeeze-and-attention U-Net for precise detection and segmentation in CT angiography.

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition requiring rapid and accurate diagnosis. This study proposes a deep learning-based a...

Longitudinal Subphenotyping of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Implications in Prognostic Prediction and Clinical Intervention.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To identify the longitudinal subphenotypes (LSPs) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and their tran...

Public Transcriptomic Data Mining for SCLC: From Candidate Ma rkers to Therapeutic Exploration.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer, especially small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), is a widespread and deadly disease often detected at advanced stages, resulting in ...

Machine learning algorithms for identifying tuberculous pericardial effusion: insights from a retrospective study in Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculous pericardial effusion (TPE) presents significant diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific clinical presentation and similar...

From Passive Sampling to Precision Intervention: A Standardized Radiomics-Driven Workflow for Molecularly Adequate Lung Biopsy.

PURPOSE: To develop and temporally validate a predictive framework for molecular adequacy in computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle biop...

Palmatine ameliorates MASLD in type 2 diabetes by modulating hepatic apoptosis and inflammation.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and their convergence pre...

The Wnt receptor Frizzled3 (FZD3) drives aggressive phenotypes in small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. This study...

Evaluating eight smoking metrics for modelling survival in non-small cell lung cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking is a strong modifiable prognostic factor for lung cancer survival. We compared eight smoking metrics to determine which metric b...

Letter to the Editor: Nocturnal enteral feeding and mechanical ventilation risk in intensive care unit patients: A deep Learning-Based causal inference study.

Repurposing Azilsartan medoxomil attenuates periodontitis by targeting SERPINB9 to promote apoptosis of IL1B+ macrophages.

Periodontitis (PD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of periodontal tissues and is associated with sys...

Endothelial cell senescence shapes T cell activity in late-stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death with few effective therapies. While clinical staging distinguishes mild to ve...

Deciphering lung adenocarcinoma heterogeneity: a multi-omics approach reveals nuclear division fibroblasts as prognosticators and therapeutic targets.

BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a predominant contributor to cancer‑related mortality globally. Lung‑associated fibroblasts (LAFs) are intri...