Pulmonology

Similarity of sputum mediator signatures between e-cigarette users and COPD depends on GOLD stage and type of e-cigarette: a pilot study.

There is overlap in symptoms and airway pathobiology between COPD and e-cigarette (e-cig) users. We sought to determine if young adult e-cig users have similar sputum soluble mediator profiles to COPD and if this is related to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage and generation of e-cig device. Experimental groups (n = 20-30/group) included non-smokers, smokers a...

Leveraging machine learning for accurate forecasting of pulmonary tuberculosis epidemics in a coastal city in China.

BACKGROUND: While pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains a leading notifiable cause of death in China, city-level monthly forecasts with sufficient resolution to guide vaccine, drug and bed logistics are scarce, and no head-to-head comparison of classical time-series versus machine-learning strategies under identical epidemiological conditions has been published. METHODS: Using 168 monthly PTB case ...

The role of medical imaging in translational research into early pulmonary tuberculosis.

Early detection of tuberculosis (TB) is central to global efforts for TB care and prevention. Conventional symptom-based screening and sputum microbio...

Precise oxygen therapy to emphysema patients by fuzzy-based gain tuning control of set-point regulated MRAC.

Emphysema, a primary component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), causes progressive dyspnea through the destruction of alveolar membran...

Increased Prevalence of Extrathymic Neoplasms in Myasthenia Gravis Patients-A Population-Based, Matched Case-Control Study.

INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is associated with thymic neoplasms. However, an increased prevalence of extrathymic neoplasms has also been...

Artificial Intelligence-Based Pathological Subtype Diagnosis of Nasal Polyps: A Multidimensional and Micro-Visualization Study.

BACKGROUND: Nasal polyps (NP) are common upper respiratory conditions with diverse inflammatory subtypes influencing clinical features and prognosis. ...

Ethical Considerations for AI-Enabled Voice Analysis: Features of an Emerging Bioethics Literature.

BACKGROUND: With the emergence of voice as a digital biomarker for various health conditions over the last decade, healthcare institutions are explori...

A manta ray-bayesian optimization approach for hyperparameter-tuned convolutional neural networks in lung cancer classification.

Lung cancer remains a global health challenge that is unavoidable. Despite the advances in lung cancer classification using deep learning models, the ...

"Perfection or Overfitting?" Reassessing the Validity of Deep Learning Models for Respiratory Sound Classification.

Enhancing Clinical Applicability of Laboratory-Based Machine Learning Models for Advanced Fibrosis in MASLD.

Wearable Sleep Measures May Improve Machine Learning Prediction of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Engagement Among Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether incorporating baseline sleep measures from a wrist-worn activity monitor in machine learning (ML) models improved the p...

Machine learning prediction model for delirium after heart valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass: A large-scale cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common and severe complication following heart valve replacement (HVR) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB),...

Overcoming gastrointestinal mucosal barriers: Mechanistic innovations and technical advances in mucosal targeting strategies for animal oral vaccines.

Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli, Avian influenza virus (AIV), Rotavirus, etc.) that primarily invade...

Artificial intelligence for accurate tumor size assessment and non-invasive adenocarcinoma prediction in small-sized lung cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Accurate preoperative imaging is essential for improving the treatment of small lung cancers. Precise identification of non-invasive ade...

The dual role of the crosstalk between autophagy and ferroptosis in lung cancer treatment: Advances in mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (Review).

The interaction between autophagy and ferroptosis has resulted in the identification of novel approaches for the treatment of lung cancer (LC). The tw...

Treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: From disease mechanisms to future novel therapies (Review).

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by irreversible lung scarring and frequently associated wit...

Room-Temperature Trace NO2 Monitoring System Based on Two-Dimensional Heterostructures and Integrated with Deep Learning.

Accurate detection of trace NO2 at room temperature is crucial for air quality control and the early diagnosis of respiratory diseases. High-precision...

Decoding organ fibrosis: mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Fibrosis is a maladaptive pathophysiological process characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix resulting from dysregulated tissue ...

Plasma proteomic and machine learning models for differentiating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: findings from a prospective cohort.

Artificial intelligence for venous thromboembolism risk stratification in surgical patients: a systematic review.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a significant complication in surgical patients. Ar...