Pulmonology

Comparison of respiratory-gated and breath‑hold accelerated T2-weighted sequences for liver MRI with deep learning reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) of the liver suffers from prolonged scan times and respiratory motion artifacts. Deep learning (DL)-based reconstruction can accelerate acquisition while maintaining diagnostic quality. We compared respiratory-gated (RG) and breath-hold (BH) DL-T2WI to radial k-space sampling acquisition and reconstruction with motion suppression (ARMS)-T2WI and evaluated how...

Cardiorespiratory Markers of Type 2 Diabetes: Machine Learning-Based Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses significant challenges due to its association with increased cardiovascular risk and complications like cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Measures derived from heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiorespiratory interactions quantified through frequency response function (FRF) and impulse response (IR) metrics reflect dif...

ChatGPT Health performance in a structured test of triage recommendations.

ChatGPT Health launched in January 2026 as OpenAI's consumer health tool, reaching millions of users. Here, we conducted a structured stress test of t...

A clinically interpretable prediction model for acute mortality in patients with pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation.

Predicting adverse outcomes in dilated cardiomyopathy using 3D echocardiography: penalised Cox regression versus machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Risk prediction in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains suboptimal, and there is uncertainty about how newer machine-learning (ML) methods...

The emerging role of antibody-drug conjugates in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Resistance to third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) presents a significant clinical challenge for...

A review of ageing related biomarkers in breath.

The growing ageing population presents significant challenges for healthcare systems, particularly in monitoring age-related physiological decline. Ag...

Cerebrovascular 5D flow MRI.

BACKGROUND: 4D flow MRI facilitates quantification of cardiac phase-resolved blood velocity vector fields and has successfully been deployed to study ...

Development and validation of a generalisable machine learning algorithm for identifying interstitial lung disease cohorts: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Large electronic databases are powerful tools for studying rare diseases, however accurate Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) classification ...

Integrated in silico and in vitro screening approaches for the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of β-carbonic anhydrases.

INTRODUCTION: β-Carbonic anhydrases (β-CAs) are zinc-dependent metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ...

Defining Physician-AI Collaboration in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine: Concepts and Illustrative Examples for Clinical Reasoning.

The exponential growth of medical data and complexity in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) necessitates a paradigm shift in clinical reasoni...

Research on Lung Cancer Classification Based on Multidimensional Hematological Indicators and Machine Learning Models.

Accurate subtyping of lung cancer is crucial for developing personalized treatment plans and improving patient outcomes. This study established machin...

Prediction of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Occurrence by the Pancreatic Stump Shape and Remnant Pancreatic Volume Measured Using AI-Guided Three-Dimensional Simulation.

BACKGROUND: When three-dimensional computer graphics (3DCG) images are used, artificial intelligence (AI) engines can semiautomatically estimate the p...

Moving Beyond Morphology: Toward a Morpho-Molecular Classification of Pleural Mesothelioma.

Despite recent advances in the treatment of pleural mesothelioma, it remains a challenging and heterogeneous disease, with limited options for patient...

KD-SqueezeNet: an efficient deep learning strategy for the multi-task diagnosis of neonatal lung diseases.

BACKGROUND: The integration of deep learning in medical imaging has reached proficiency levels akin to expert clinicians, particularly in tasks requir...

Multidimensional analysis of postoperative nursing challenges in oral cancer surgery: a retrospective study of 245 patients and proposal of the PROTECT mode.

PURPOSE: The quality of postoperative care for oral tumors critically influences patient prognosis and quality of life; however, current nursing syste...

Translating Mechanistic Insights Into Action and Revealing New Pathways: Machine Learning Approaches in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is a prevalent condition that carries a high morbidity and mortality, with limited treatment options. O...

Multimodal ultrasound and artificial intelligence for characterization of thyroid nodules in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: current challenges and future perspectives.

Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) frequently present with concurrent nodular lesions such as nodular goiter and thyroid cancer (especially pa...

Topologically distinct 2D and 3D intratumoral heterogeneity scores for preoperatively predicting invasiveness in stage I lung adenocarcinoma: A multicenter study.

This multicenter study aims to enhance the preoperative prediction of pathological invasiveness in clinical stage I lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) by deve...

Prediction of COVID-19 hospitalisation, ICU admission or death following ChAdOx1 vaccination using artificial intelligence: A clinical predictive model from the English RAVEN study.

OBJECTIVES: This study identifies predictors of severe COVID-19 following completion of two-dose primary series of the AZD1222 COVID-19 vaccine, emplo...