Refractive Surgery

SAIL: Structure-Aware Interpretable Learning for Anatomy-Aligned Post-hoc Explanations in OCT

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a commonly used retinal imaging modality, plays a central role in retinal disease diagnosis by providing high-resolution visualization of retinal layers. While deep learning (DL) has achieved expert-level accuracy in OCT-based retinal disease detection, its "black box" nature poses challenges for clinical adoption, where explainability is essential for clinical ...

Artificial Intelligence for Cardiac Biomarkers After Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and a Leakage-Aware Modeling Framework

Aims To systematically evaluate how artificial intelligence and machine-learning (AI/ML) methods are applied to cardiac biomarkers after myocardial infarction (MI), identify recurring methodological limitations, and operationalize a leakage-aware modelling workflow in a proof-of-concept post-MI dataset using a controlled proxy classification task. Methods and results A PRISMA 2020-compliant system...

On the predictability of progression-free survival in ovarian cancer from NanoString gene expression data

In the treatment of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), patients initially diagnosed with unresectable tumors are first treated with neoadjuvant ...

Lightning Pose 3D: an uncertainty-aware framework for data-efficient multi-view animal pose estimation

Multi-view pose estimation is essential for quantifying animal behavior in scientific research, yet current methods struggle to achieve accurate track...

SSL-R1: Self-Supervised Visual Reinforcement Post-Training for Multimodal Large Language Models

Reinforcement learning (RL) with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated the great potential of enhancing the reasoning abilities in multimodal lar...

TwinTrack: Post-hoc Multi-Rater Calibration for Medical Image Segmentation

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) segmentation on contrast-enhanced CT is inherently ambiguous: inter-rater disagreement among experts reflects ...

Predicting Post-Traumatic Epilepsy from Clinical Records using Large Language Model Embeddings

Objective: Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a debilitating neurological disorder that develops after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Early prediction of...

Explainable Fall Detection for Elderly Care via Temporally Stable SHAP in Skeleton-Based Human Activity Recognition

Fall detection in elderly care requires not only accurate classification but also reliable explanations that clinicians can trust. However, existing p...

SOAR: Self-Correction for Optimal Alignment and Refinement in Diffusion Models

The post-training pipeline for diffusion models currently has two stages: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on curated data and reinforcement learning (RL)...

Greater lean-body-mass decline with tirzepatide than semaglutide in routine care, revealed by body-composition digital phenotyping

GLP-1 receptor agonists induce substantial weight loss, but the extent to which lean tissue and physical function are preserved in routine care remain...

Beyond Fixed False Discovery Rates: Post-Hoc Conformal Selection with E-Variables

Conformal selection (CS) uses calibration data to identify test inputs whose unobserved outcomes are likely to satisfy a pre-specified minimal quality...

State-Dependent Parameter Relevance in Intensive Care: Syndrome-Specific Centroids Improve Orbit-Based Mortality Prediction from AUC 0.59 to 0.83 in 59,362 Predictions

Background: The Therapeutic Distance framework (Paper 1) achieved AUC 0.61 for orbit-based mortality prediction in 11,627 sepsis patients. We hypothes...

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). AgileLens: A scalable CNN-based pipeline for strong gravitational lens identification

We present an end-to-end, iterative pipeline for efficient identification of strong galaxy--galaxy lensing systems, applied to the Euclid Q1 imaging d...

VDPP: Video Depth Post-Processing for Speed and Scalability

Video depth estimation is essential for providing 3D scene structure in applications ranging from autonomous driving to mixed reality. Current end-to-...

Untargeted analysis of volatile markers of post-exercise fat oxidation in exhaled breath

Breath acetone represents a promising non-invasive biomarker for monitoring fat oxidation during exercise. However, its utility is limited by confound...

Overconfidence and Calibration in Medical VQA: Empirical Findings and Hallucination-Aware Mitigation

As vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in clinical decision support, more than accuracy is required: knowing when to trust their p...

Governance, Accountability and Post-Deployment Monitoring Preferences for AI Integration in West African Clinical Practice: A Mixed-Methods Study

Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical practice holds transformative potential for healthcare in West Africa, but s...

Advancements and limitations of image-enhanced endoscopy in colorectal lesion diagnosis and treatment selection: A narrative review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, highlighting the need for early detection and accurate lesion characterization...

Left Ventricular Geometry Improves Prediction of Sex-Specific Post-TAVR Remodeling in Aortic Stenosis

Background: Women with severe aortic stenosis (AS) are diagnosed later and experience poorer outcomes than men, partly because clinical approaches rel...

Contrastive Transformer-Driven Discovery of Temporal Hemodynamic Subphenotypes in Cardiac Surgery Patients

Cardiac surgery patients experience rapidly evolving hemodynamics in early post-operative period requiring intensive support. Identifying hemodynamic ...