Rheumatology

Can Large Language Models Preserve Diagnostic Accuracy Despite Patient Self-Diagnosis and Framing Bias in Hypothetical Upper-Extremity Scenarios?

PURPOSE: Online health queries are often addressed by large language models (LLMs) embedded in search engines. It is possible that LLMs, like human clinicians, might be misdirected by vague symptom descriptions or inaccurate self-diagnoses. We examined patient and scenario factors associated with an LLM's ability to identify intended upper-extremity musculoskeletal diagnoses and its tendency to de...

ChatGPT-4o for Endoscopic Differentiation of Autoimmune Gastritis From Helicobacter pylori-Associated Atrophic Gastritis: A Post Hoc Head-to-Head Comparison With Specialized Deep Learning.

Identification of a novel small-molecule modulator targeting SNX10 to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption.

Current antiresorptive therapies reduce bone loss by eliminating osteoclasts or inhibiting their formation. However, these approaches could disrupt os...

MRI Evaluation of Axial Spondyloarthritis: From Early Diagnosis to Therapeutic Response Assessment.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has reshaped the evaluation of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), which comprises radiographic axSpA (historically anky...

Perceptions, knowledge and adoption of artificial intelligence in rheumatology: results from a British Society for Rheumatology survey.

OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning applications are rapidly expanding across healthcare. Successful implementation of AI te...

Piezo1 channel: structure, mechanogating mechanism, functions, diseases and therapeutic strategy.

The Piezo1 channel is a mechanosensitive, non-selective cation channel that converts mechanical forces into electrochemical signals, playing pivotal r...

Osteoporosis prediction in primary Sjögren's syndrome: development and external validation of a machine-learning comparison model.

OBJECTIVES: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are clinically important complications of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) that may accelerate functi...

Antimicrobial peptides for tuberculosis in a post-antibiotic era: from in vitro promise to therapeutic potential.

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious pathogen, driven by prolonged treatment regimens and escalating drug resistan...

Laboratory Medicine in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Autoimmune Disorders: Baseline Assessment, Diagnostic Algorithms, Monitoring, and Predictive Biomarkers.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have substantially improved clinical outcomes across multiple malignancies, but they can disrupt self-tolerance an...

ChatGPT-4o as a decision-support tool in a urological tumour board: a prospective evaluation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate ChatGPT-4o in a real-world urological multidisciplinary tumour board (MTB), with concordance for the final clinical recommendatio...

Alopecia Areata: Advances in Clinical Evaluation and Pathogenesis.

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune condition that affects approximately 2% of the global population. Although it most commonly presents with ...

Natural and Synthetic AMPs from Latin America across Diversity Engineering and Applications.

Latin America's biodiversity accounts for approximately 60% of the world's total, fueling scientific research into natural products, a highly relevant...

Multimodal and fair artificial intelligence in paediatric rheumatology: challenges and opportunities for a holistic and equitable future.

Multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging domain comprising a set of tools with potential clinical relevance in paediatric rheumatology, ...

Altered Complement and Tubular Mitochondrial Proteins Are Linked to Graft Loss in DSA+ Antibody-Mediated Rejection.

BACKGROUND: Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the main driver of late kidney allograft loss. Anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSA) are strongly ...

Targeted delivery of mRNA to immune cells for in vivo cell therapy.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have revolutionized biomedicine by enabling direct in vivo programming of immune cells. This strategy bypasses the c...

Detecting Sjögren's Disease from Parotid Gland Ultrasound Radiomics.

OBJECTIVES: Salivary gland ultrasonography is a promising non-invasive modality for the evaluation of Sjögren's disease (SjD), but its diagnostic util...

Deciphering Anti-Cancer Drug Efficacy Through Nanomechanical Vibrations in Living Gastric Cancer Organoids.

Cancer poses a severe threat to human health. The limited sensitivity and efficiency of conventional drug screening methods create a pressing need for...

Physician burnout in rheumatology: are medical scribes part of the solution?

Retention of highly qualified physicians remains a critical priority in rheumatology and the broader medical field due to persistent physician shortag...

Multi-modal ensemble learning prediction of anti-TNF treatment response in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease using clinical, radiomic, and deep learning MR enterography features.

BACKGROUND: Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) medical therapy is a major advancement for Crohn's disease (CD) management, yet many patients fail to res...

Patient-Based Real-Time Quality Control for Semiquantitative Tests Based on Hierarchical Differences.

BACKGROUND: With developments in artificial intelligence, patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC) has advanced. However, its application to s...