Rheumatology

Domain-generalizable Face Anti-Spoofing with Patch-based Multi-tasking and Artifact Pattern Conversion

Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) algorithms, designed to secure face recognition systems against spoofing, struggle with limited dataset diversity, impairing their ability to handle unseen visual domains and spoofing methods. We introduce the Pattern Conversion Generative Adversarial Network (PCGAN) to enhance domain generalization in FAS. PCGAN effectively disentangles latent vectors for spoof artifacts ...

Shortcut Learning in Glomerular AI: Adversarial Penalties Hurt, Entropy Helps

Stain variability is a pervasive source of distribution shift and potential shortcut learning in renal pathology AI. We ask whether lupus nephritis glomerular lesion classifiers exploit stain as a shortcut, and how to mitigate such bias without stain or site labels. We curate a multi-center, multi-stain dataset of 9{,}674 glomerular patches (224$\times$224) from 365 WSIs across three centers and f...

Universal computational thermal imaging overcoming the ghosting effect

Thermal imaging is crucial for night vision but fundamentally hampered by the ghosting effect, a loss of detailed texture in cluttered photon streams....

DPD-Cancer: Explainable Graph-based Deep Learning for Small Molecule Anti-Cancer Activity Prediction

Accurate drug response prediction is a critical bottleneck in computational biochemistry, limited by the challenge of modelling the interplay between ...

SDD-YOLO: A Small-Target Detection Framework for Ground-to-Air Anti-UAV Surveillance with Edge-Efficient Deployment

Detecting small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from a ground-to-air (G2A) perspective presents significant challenges, including extremely low pixel ...

Anti-I2V: Safeguarding your photos from malicious image-to-video generation

Advances in diffusion-based video generation models, while significantly improving human animation, poses threats of misuse through the creation of fa...

Vision-Language Attribute Disentanglement and Reinforcement for Lifelong Person Re-Identification

Lifelong person re-identification (LReID) aims to learn from varying domains to obtain a unified person retrieval model. Existing LReID approaches typ...

Deep Learning-Based Airway Segmentation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease (SLE-ILD): A Comparative High-Resolution CT Analysis

To characterize lobar and segmental airway volume differences between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD)...

IConE: Batch Independent Collapse Prevention for Self-Supervised Representation Learning

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has revolutionized representation learning, with Joint-Embedding Architectures (JEAs) emerging as an effective approach...

SwiftTCR: Efficient Computational Docking protocol of TCRpMHC-I Complexes Using Restricted Rotation Matrices

The T cell's ability to discern self and non-self depends on its T cell receptor (TCR), which recognizes peptides presented by MHC molecules. Understa...

Experimental multi-center validation of a radiomics-based photonic quantum precision medicine architecture for lesion-level prediction of anti-PD-1 response in non-small cell lung cancer

Background: Previous research has shown that radiomics-based machine learning models are promising precision medicine tools for lesion-level predictio...

Extracting patient reported cannabis use and reasons for use from electronic health records: a benchmarking study of large language models

Objective To develop and evaluate a scalable and reproducible natural language processing (NLP) approach using large language models (LLM), to identif...

Machine Learning for analysis of Multiple Sclerosis cross-tissue bulk and single-cell transcriptomics data

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system whose molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In th...

A fast and accurate calculation method for light induced isomerization of retinal proteins in real time

Retinal is a chromophore covalently bound to various photoreceptors. Its photo-induced isomerization triggers a series of structural changes named pho...

NICO-RAG: Multimodal Hypergraph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Understanding the Nicotine Public Health Crisis

The nicotine addiction public health crisis continues to be pervasive. In this century alone, the tobacco industry has released and marketed new produ...

Harnessing AI and social media to understand real-world patient experiences in systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective: To apply large language models (LLMs) to Reddit posts referencing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to identify patient-expressed unmet me...

GPAS: an online AI system for rapid and accurate pathogen identification and LLM-based interpretation

Accurate identification of unknown pathogens is critical for medicine and public health, yet current metagenomic workflows remain heavily dependent on...

Life-course comorbidity patterns and integrated prediction of postpartum depression, multimorbidity, and symptom progression

Perinatal depression (PD) is common and disabling, yet its longitudinal comorbidity patterns and predictability remain poorly understood. This study l...

Image-based Joint-level Detection for Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis from Small and Imbalanced Data

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic joint inflammation. Early diagnosis and tight follow-up are essential to ...

SLECA: a single-cell atlas of systemic lupus erythematosus enabling rare cell discovery using graph transformer

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disease with complex immune and molecular dysregulation. While rare immune cel...