Sepsis

Mesocorticolimbic reinforcement learning of reward representation and value provides an integrated mechanistic account for schizophrenia

Mesocorticolimbic dopamine projections are crucial for value learning, motivational control, and cognitive functions, but their precise neurocomputational roles remain elusive. Based on recent experimental and theoretical findings, we constructed a neural circuit model where dopamine neuronal populations receive differential inputs from individual rewards and encode heterogeneous reward prediction...

Subtype-Specific Roles of Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in Motor and Associative Learning

Nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons (DANs) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) comprise distinct subtypes defined by unique gene expression profiles and anatomical characteristics. However, their specific contributions to motor and non-motor functions remain elusive. Using Calbindin 1 (Calb1) and Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (Aldh1a1) as molecular markers, we investigated the functions of the...

Acetylcholine demixes heterogeneous dopamine signals for learning and moving

Midbrain dopamine neurons promote both reinforcement learning and movement vigour1–12. A major outstanding question is how dopamine-recipient neurons ...

Decoding the interconnected splicing patterns of hepatitis B virus and host using large language and deep learning models

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes approximately one million deaths annually and remains a major driver of hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite its...

Decoding Helicobacter pylori Resistance: Machine Learning–Enhanced Prediction of Antibiotic Susceptibility using Whole-Genome Sequencing

Helicobacter pylori is a significant risk factor for gastric cancer, peptic ulcers, and MALT lymphoma. Rising antibiotic resistance rates complicate t...

Moremi Bio Agent: Leveraging Agentic Large Language Model for the Discovery of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics for Enterobacteriaceae

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health crisis, exacerbated by a stagnating antibiotic discovery pipeline and the emergence of mult...

Large-language-model-based antibiotic resistance gene prediction and resistomes mining in cyanobacterial blooms

The rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic ecosystems poses a serious public health threat. Conventional ARG detection methods,...

Effects of the Neutral CB1 Receptor Antagonist AM6527 on Spontaneous, Consummatory, and Motivated Behavior in Mice

The cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) signaling pathway plays a central role in regulating motivational and feeding behaviors. Neutral CB1R antagonis...

Fusing Sequence Motifs and Pan-Genomic Features: Antimicrobial Resistance Prediction using an Explainable Lightweight 1D CNN - XGBoost Ensemble

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a rapidly escalating global health crisis. While genomic sequencing enables rapid prediction of resistance phenotype...

An Improved Dataset for Predicting Mammal Infecting Viruses from Genetic Sequence Information

There have been several attempts to develop machine learning (ML) models to identify human infecting viruses from their genomic sequences, with varyin...

Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Helicobacter pylori-positive Patients using Supervised Learning through the Integration of Demographic and Genomic Features

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is widespread globally and is linked to outcomes ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. However, ...

Automating Candidate Gene Prioritization with Large Language Models: From Naive Scoring to Literature-Grounded Validation

Identifying promising therapeutic targets from thousands of genes in transcriptomic studies remains a major bottleneck in biomedical research. While l...

Machine learning based lineage prediction from AMR phenotypes for Escherichia coli ST131 clade C surveillance across infection types

Rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli bloodstream infections (BSIs) in high-income settings has typically been dominated by one cl...

Breaking the culture habit: metagenomic diagnosis of companion animal skin infections

Skin infections have been described as the primary cause for presentation in veterinary small animal practices and they frequently result in prescript...

Efficacy and safety evaluation of artificial intelligence-identified antimicrobial peptides for use against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in the poultry industry

The overuse of antibiotics in both veterinary and human medicine has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, prompting a search fo...

Next generation neural mass model with dopamine modulation mediated by D1-type receptors

Neuromodulation is a complex process in which chemical substances modulate brain activity, allowing its rich repertoire of behaviors. Among these subs...

Discovery of RdRp Thumb-1 as a novel broad-spectrum antiviral family of targets and MDL-001 as a potent broad-spectrum inhibitor thereof

Multiple positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses cause human diseases, ranging from mild colds to deadly pandemics. These viruses share a...

Octopamine signaling from clock neurons plays dual roles in Drosophila long-term memory

Circadian clock genes are best known for regulating circadian rhythms, but they also play crucial roles in memory processes. This suggests that memory...

Hyperspectral image analysis for classification of multiple infections in wheat

Plant diseases can cause heavy yield losses in arable crops resulting in major economic losses. Effective early disease recognition is paramount for m...

A Machine Learning Approach Reveals CRISPR-Cas I-F as a Genomic Marker of Antibiotic Susceptibility in Uropathogenic E. coli

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli is a critical global health challenge, particularly in urinary tract infections, where first-line t...