Smoking & Tobacco

Preoperative Optimization for Ventral Hernia Repair: Augmented Evidence Review.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative optimization is widely recommended for patients undergoing ventral hernia repair. However, the clinical impact of individual risk factors remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the association of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and smoking with postoperative outcomes and to compare these findings with surgeon practices and existing literature. METHODS: The augmented e...

MULTIPREVENT: Integrated screening for smoking-related multimorbidity using low-dose chest computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES: Tobacco consumption, combined with individual genetic predispositions, contributes to an age-dependent risk not only for lung cancer but also for other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), osteoporosis, and diabetes. The MULTIPREVENT project aims to validate whether low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of th...

Myocardial Native T1 Mapping in the German National Cohort (NAKO): Associations with Age, Sex, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.

BACKGROUND: In cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), myocardial native T1 mapping enables quantitative, non-invasive tissue characterization and is...

An interpretable ensemble learning framework for COPD classification using population-based clinical and laboratory data from NHANES.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents the third leading cause of death globally, affecting 213.39 million people, yet ...

Natural Language Processing to Identify Substance Use in Electronic Health Records: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: This scoping review aimed to characterize natural language processing (NLP) techniques deployed for identifying substance use in electroni...

A clinically interpretable model for predicting pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy.

BACKGROUND: Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is a frequent complication following total laryngectomy. While various risk models exist, their practical ...

Interpretable machine-learning survival prediction of breast cancer prognosis from lifestyle factors: evidence from UK biobank.

BACKGROUND: Understanding how lifestyle habits influence breast cancer survival is crucial for improving long-term outcomes and guiding individualized...

An Acceptance Criteria Framework for Determining the Implementation Fit of Custom Large Language Models in Public Health Interventions.

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in clinical and population health workflows, including conversational agents such as health cha...

An AI-driven quality assessment, pesticide residue investigation and chemical compound analysis system for clustering pepper products.

This study investigated the colour values (L*, a*, b*, C* and H°), pesticide residue (PR) levels, and chemical compound compositions of red pepper fla...

Raman spectroscopic detection of salivary thiocyanate for smoking exposure stratification.

Distinguishing smokers from non-smokers and stratifying smokers based on their smoking history/exposure (years) are essential for evaluating the risk ...

Prenatal environmental exposures associated with ADHD diagnosis in children: a multicentre exposome analysis.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most diagnosed neurodevelopmental conditions. While its aetiology is primarily attribute...

Prediction of future onset of allergic rhinitis and analysis of risk factors in children with food allergy during infancy.

UNLABELLED: The atopic march describes the progression from infantile food allergy (FA) to allergic rhinitis (AR) in later childhood. However, not all...

Automatic detection of e-cigarette screens using object detection and vision language models.

INTRODUCTION: The e-cigarette market evolves faster than regulation and enforcement. In recent years, e-cigarette manufacturers have introduced vapes ...

AI-based CT quantification reveals small airway loss and vascular simplification in rheumatoid arthritis-associated lung disease.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate pulmonary structural changes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based CT segm...

Predictors of vaping relapse among young e-cigarette users: Machine learning-based survival analysis of a smartphone app-derived longitudinal data.

INTRODUCTION: Although many young people attempt to quit vaping nicotine, limited evidence exists on factors associated with relapse. We aimed to pred...

Life's essential 8 and its role in cardiovascular health: evolution, evidence, and future directions.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading global cause of mortality. To advance prevention, the American Heart Association introd...

Using Natural Language Processing of Clinical Notes to Supplement Structured Electronic Health Record Data for Phenotyping Smoking and Obesity in a Healthcare System.

PURPOSE: Studies based on electronic health records (EHR) often rely on structured data, which may incompletely capture important clinical phenotypes ...

Bayesian Machine Learning Tools for Alcohol Use Disorder Research: The bpaup R Package.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) research faces significant challenges in capturing individual heterogeneity and complex temporal patterns in drinking behav...

Identifying the ideal deep learning algorithm to quantify the threshold effect of parental smoking on child nutritional status in South Asia.

BACKGROUND: Accurate identification of modifiable risk factors for child malnutrition is of great importance in the formulation of policies to protect...

Tonotopically distinct OFF responses arise in the mouse auditory midbrain following sideband suppression.

The parsing of sensory information into discrete topographic domains is a fundamental principle of sensory processing. In the auditory cortex, these d...