STDs

Large Language Model Few-Shot Prompting with Dilemma Training Outperforms Human Surrogates in Predicting Patient Preferences

In serious illness, human surrogates often struggle to accurately predict patient preferences (68% accuracy), causing decision conflict. Personalized Patient Preference Predictor (P4) agents offer a potential solution, but prior prototypes treat values as static ratings, ignoring the contextual, situation-dependent nature of medical choices. Grounded in the 'logic of care', we present P4-DT (Dilem...

TestifAI: Tomography-Based Testing for Deep Learning Systems

As AI systems are increasingly deployed in safety-critical application domains (e.g., autonomous driving), associated risks increase too. Deep learning models underlying modern AI systems, therefore, must undergo thorough testing to ensure their correct behaviour. A single robustness test involves thousands of inferences to empirically verify if a model's outputs remain stable under a bounded pert...

\textsc{TestifAI}: Tomography-Based Testing for Deep Learning Systems

As AI systems are increasingly deployed in safety-critical application domains (e.g., autonomous driving), associated risks increase too. Deep learnin...

Spatial and Machine Learning Analysis of Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake in Ghana: Evidence from the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey

Abstract Background Breast and cervical cancer screening in Ghana remains low, and several analyses of the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) ...

Can LLMs Test Terminal User Interfaces?

Terminal User Interfaces (TUIs) combine the stateful, screen-oriented behaviour of GUIs with terminal deployment and are now common in developer tools...

Bayesian Spatiotemporal Small-Area Estimation of HIV Testing Uptake in Ghana, 2008-2022: Integrating Machine-Learning-Derived Geospatial Covariates with District-Level BYM2-RW1 Modelling of the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys

Background: HIV testing is the entry point into the diagnosis, treatment and viral suppression cascade, yet in many low and middle income countries th...

Negative controls reveal volume-driven confounding in radiomics and imaging foundation model features

Radiomics and imaging foundation models promise non-invasive biomarkers of tumour biology, yet predictive signatures may reflect tumour volume or acqu...

An Explainable AI-Driven Classification Framework for Parkinson's Disease Detection via Acoustic Speech Features: A Comparative Machine Learning Study

Parkinsons Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which significantly affects motor function, daily coordination and verbal communic...

Diagnostic Performance of Fluorescence-Based Rapid On-Site Specimen Evaluation for Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Before and After Algorithm Optimization: A Two-Round Comparative Study

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of fluorescence-based rapid on-site specimen evaluation (F-ROSE) for antimicr...

Cross-country generalizability of foundation models for cervical cancer screenings on H&E whole slide images

Accurate grading of cervical biopsies on Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained whole slide images (WSIs) is essential for distinguishing high grade lesi...

The Dark Room in the Reward Channel: Dense Prediction Rewards Collapse GRPO-Trained LLM Agents -- and What Actually Works

Dense per-step supervision is an appealing remedy for sparse-reward, long-horizon LLM agents: reward the agent for predicting its next observation, an...

Machine learning models to improve targeting of blood culture testing

Background Bloodstream infections are a major cause of mortality, yet the primary testing method, blood cultures, have low positivity (<10%) and turna...

Clinical Impact, Diagnostic Performance, and Prognostic Implications of Plasma Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Introduction: Plasma metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) may detect pathogens in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, but optimal patien...

EpiESM-GA: Resource-Efficient Protein Foundation Model Features for Equitable B-Cell Epitope Prediction

Prediction of B-cell epitopes can assist in reducing costly wet-lab screening in vaccine design, diagnostics, and antibody discovery. However, current...

AI-enabled proteomic profiling identifies interpretable diagnostic biomarkers for gastric-type adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix

Gastric-type adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (GAS) is a rare, aggressive cervical cancer unrelated to HPV infection that is frequently misdiagnos...

HEad and neCK TumOR (HECKTOR) 2025: Benchmark of Segmentation, Diagnosis, and Prognosis in Multimodal PET/CT

Head and neck cancers (HNC) represent a significant global health burden, with accurate tumor delineation being essential for effective radiotherapy p...

Virus-human protein-protein interactions predict viral phenotypes

Viral phenotypes such as host and tissue tropism are critical determinants of viral infection and transmission. Inferring viral phenotypes presents un...

Leveraging genome-wide association studies and genomic prediction for distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) testing in maize

Testing for distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) is a requirement for plant variety registration and based on phenotypic traits, which is tim...

MipSScs: Artificial neural network-based data integration of 2D/3D single-cell spatial RNA sequence data from virus-infected human cerebral organoids

There is interest in the use of recent single-cell spatial transcriptomic technologies to gain biological insights into disease mechanisms. Previously...

Multi-FRuGaL: Multimodal Flexible Redundancy-aware Decomposed Gated Learning for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis

Modern medicine relies on heterogeneous data sources spanning radiology, pathology, text reports, and structured clinical information. However, real-w...