STDs

Leveraging clinical epidemiology concepts to strengthen machine learning fairness evaluations.

OBJECTIVES: The increasing use of machine learning (ML) in clinical care makes fairness a central issue. Fairness, defined as the absence of disparities across individuals or subgroups, shares several parallels with concepts in clinical epidemiology. The objective was to apply clinical epidemiology frameworks to the evaluation of ML fairness, both to enhance understanding of these concepts and to ...

Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Oncologic Outcomes to Response-Adaptive Treatment De-escalation.

BACKGROUND: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are associated with poor 5-year survival and substantial treatment-related morbidity. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NIT) is emerging as a strategy to improve oncologic outcomes while enabling response-adaptive treatment de-escalation. CLINICAL EVIDENCE: The landmark KEYNOTE-689 phase 3 trial demonstrated that perioperative pembrolizumab signif...

Indolizine Compound Selection for HPV Anticancer Active Prediction Using CNN Classifier with ADME Descriptors.

Despite the significant progress made in developing different in silico methodology for structure activity research over the past few decades. The abi...

Detection of maxillary sinusitis of endodontic origin in cone-beam CT images using deep learning algorithms.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were retrospectively collected and examined to acquire a balanced dataset representative of Normal Maxillar...

Digital Pathology in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Translational Advances and Clinical Integration for Pathologists, Oncologists, and Surgeons.

PURPOSE: Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled digital pathology has advanced rapidly in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but its readine...

Transcriptional states define dependencies and therapeutic vulnerabilities in head and neck cancer.

Molecular heterogeneity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is well recognized, yet existing subtype frameworks remain largely descriptiv...

ASO Special Article: Proceedings of the Inaugural Joint US-India Cancer Dialogue: Accelerating Collaboration to Advance Cancer Prevention, Early Detection, Treatment, and Care.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a leading cause of death in both the USA and India. During Prime Minister Narendra Modi's State Visit to Washington, DC in June ...

Japanese-Language AI Agent System for Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Infoveillance and Public Communication: Development and Feasibility Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy remains a significant public health challenge in Japan, where proactive vaccination recommend...

Optimizing adjuvant therapy selection with machine learning after transoral surgery in HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer.

BACKGROUND: De-escalation after transoral surgery (TOS) for HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) requires accurate risk stratific...

Precision improvement for indoor positioning based on fuzzy inference system with ultra-wideband wireless communications.

This paper investigates the enhancement of positioning accuracy in indoor non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments using ultra-wideband (UWB) and angle o...

Attention-Based Point Cloud Completion for CT-Equivalent Kidney Volumetry from Tracked Freehand Ultrasound.

Kidney volume measurement is critical for managing polycystic kidney disease and monitoring transplants, but computed tomography involves radiation an...

Genetic and immunological determinants of Pemphigus vulgaris: integrative analysis of HLA-DRB1 and FCGR2B variants.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies. Although both HLA and non-HLA loci contribute t...

Rapid Cas13a-based penA genotyping for cefixime susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

UNLABELLED: Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an urgent public health threat. Resistance-guided therapy can assure appropriate trea...

Automated robotic arm system for real-time multi-parameter quality assessment of raw milk in cheese manufacturing.

Ensuring the quality of raw milk is critical for consistent cheese manufacturing, yet traditional laboratory-based testing methods are slow, labor-int...

Machine Learning-Driven Capillary Microfluidic Design Automation for Programmable Gradient Generation and Antimicrobial Testing.

Rapid, portable, and automated determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is critical for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in decentr...

Predictive triage for testing may improve control of a COVID-19 epidemic while reducing testing requirements.

BACKGROUND: Extensive population testing played a crucial role in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. However, scaling up testing capacity requires a co...

Machine Learning-Assisted Portable Ai BOX Based on RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a for Rapid On-Site Detection of Foodborne Pathogens.

Foodborne pathogens present a major threat to global public health. However, conventional detection methods and equipment are often unsuitable for the...

Comparing the Use of Measured and Smoothed Data in Forecasting Visual Field Tests Using Deep Learning.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of training and testing deep learning (DL) models for visual field (VF) forecasting using input-target pairs in whic...

Combining Machine Learning Models and Screening to Enhance Suicide Risk Identification for American Indian Patients: Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: American Indian and Alaska Native communities experience disproportionately high suicide rates. While machine learning (ML) models leverag...

Diagnostic Accuracy of Commercial Large Language Models for Anogenital Skin Lesion Images: A Comparative Study of Gemini, Claude and ChatGPT.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing anogenital dermatological conditions often requires specialist expertise that is unavailable in many clinical settings. Large l...