Surgery

Latest AI and machine learning research in surgery for healthcare professionals.

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Localizing epileptogenic zones using interictal intracranial electroencephalography and deep learning

Introduction: Approximately 25% of the 51.7 million people with epilepsy globally develop drug-resistant disease, for whom surgical resection offers a potential path to seizure freedom contingent on accurate localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). Current practice relies on ictal intracranial EEG (iEEG) monitoring, yet the extend of the seizure onset zone, delineated in this way does not reli...

FSB-Net: Frequency-Spatial Boundary Network for Brain Stroke Lesion Segmentation in Non-Contrast CT

Accurate segmentation of brain stroke lesions in non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans is critical for rapid clinical decision-making, yet remains difficult due to the low contrast between lesion and normal brain tissue, heterogeneous lesion morphology across ischemic and hemorrhagic subtypes, and ambiguous boundaries caused by partial volume effects. Current deep learning approaches prima...

Jul 23 2026 2607.20955v1
Agent-Guided Relational Concept Discovery: Toward Interpretable Surgical Margin Assessment

Deep learning models can effectively use Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) data for surgical margin assessment. However, their cl...

Jul 23 2026 2607.21437v1
PRISM-DR: Per-lesion Retinal Inference with Specialist Models for Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of preventable blindness; its early lesions are small, low contrast, and easily missed in manual screening. Mo...

Jul 22 2026 2607.19864v1
LAVIFT: Latent-Action-Guided Vision Fine-Tuning for Surgical Interaction Recognition

Understanding instrument-tissue interactions is essential for context-aware surgical AI and autonomous robotic surgery. Pretrained vision-language mod...

Jul 22 2026 2607.19889v1
From CHESS to CHECKMATE: A Practical Score for Predicting Shunt Dependency Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Objective: Shunt-dependent hydrocephalus is a common and costly complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), affecting up to 28% of surv...

Development and Validation of Machine Learning Models for Predicting 13 or More Sections in Mohs Micrographic Surgery

Background: Cases requiring 13 or more tissue sections in Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) demand extended operative time, additional resources, and of...

Multi-model Segmentation and Morphometric Quantification of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Alzheimer's Disease Whole Slide Histopathology Images

Introduction: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by amyloid-beta deposition in cortical and leptomeningeal vessels and associated with...

Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI Radiomics for Predicting KRAS Mutation in Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BackgroundKRAS mutation status is an important biomarker in rectal cancer, with implications for prognosis and treatment response. MRI-based radiomics...

Retrieval-Augmented Interpretable Learning: Towards Task-Specific Zero-Shot Models in Healthcare

We introduce Retrieval-Augmented Interpretable Learning (RAIL), a probabilistic meta-learning framework for zero-shot generation of task-specific inte...

Jul 20 2026 2607.17508v1
Vis2Reg: Visibility-Aware Landmark-Free Geometric 3D--2D Registration for Liver Laparoscopy

Accurate 3D--2D liver registration, which aligns preoperative 3D models to partial, view-dependent intraoperative surface observations, is critical fo...

Jul 20 2026 2607.17810v1
A Preoperative Electroencephalography Signature for Predicting Treatment Response to Deep Brain Stimulation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but outcomes are heterogeneous and non-respond...

Towards Artificial Nerves: Biomimetic Optical-Fiber Tactile Sensing for Robots

Robotic systems increasingly demand tactile sensing that approaches the adaptability and resolution of human skin to enable dexterous manipulation and...

Jul 17 2026 2607.15746v1
Learned ultrasound segmentation and deformable CT fusion for augmented reality endovascular surgery

Minimally invasive endovascular procedures offer reduced surgical trauma, shorter recovery times, and improved outcomes, but rely on 2D fluoroscopic X...

Beyond scalar losses: calibrating segmentation models via gradient vector field surgery

Region-based loss functions, such as the Dice loss, have established themselves as the de facto standard for highly class- and region-imbalanced segme...

Jul 15 2026 2607.14338v1
Marker-free deformable registration and fusion for augmented reality-guided positive margin localization during tumor resection surgery

Positive margins in head and neck oncologic surgery require mapping specimen-side pathology findings to the patient resection bed. This is challenging...

Jul 15 2026 2607.13343v1
Active Learning for Efficient Annotation of Surgical Videos with Weak Supervision

Precise spatial-temporal annotation of laparoscopic videos is time-consuming and requires expert knowledge. We propose a human-in-the-loop knowledge a...

Jul 14 2026 2607.13237v1
Anatomy-Privileged Distillation with Token Routing for MRI-Based Prediction of Perineural Invasion

Perineural invasion (PNI) is associated with poor postoperative outcomes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, but it is confirmed by surgical pathology...

Jul 13 2026 2607.11987v1
Protocol for an EHR-embedded pragmatic randomized control trial of Ambient AI to Reduce Nursing Staff Documentation Time

Background: Documentation burden significantly impacts nursing workload and well-being, with nurses spending an estimated 20-40% of their time on docu...

Constitutive discovery in the living human heart

Constitutive models of myocardial mechanics form a cornerstone of personalized cardiac simulations and cardiac digital twins. Researchers traditionall...

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