Surveillance

Pharmacological personalization of JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: A multi-omics and AI-based scoping review and evidence-gap map.

INTRODUCTION: Personalization of Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains an unresolved clinical task. Multi-omics/multimodal (MO/MM) data and artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) may support treatment-response prediction, but their JAKi-specific application has not been systematically mapped. METHODS: We conducted a JBI scoping review with PRISMA-ScR ...

Streamlined TI-RADS Reporting From Bilingual Speech Recognition to LLM-Assisted Conclusion Generation Using a Two-Stage Workflow.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a two-stage workflow for large language model (LLM)-assisted Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) reporting using LLM-based bilingual automated speech recognition (ASR) and conclusion generation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the Digital Database of Thyroid Images dataset, 149 cases with adequate image quality were included. A radiologist generate...

Modern generative large language models in epilepsy care: a scoping review of current applications, challenges, and future directions.

Modern generative large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being evaluated in epilepsy-related clinical tasks, but the evidence remains fragmente...

Antimicrobial resistance analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections based on a random forest algorithm: a longitudinal study based on data from tertiary hospitals in China from 2012 to 2023.

BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae pose a significant global health burden, complicated by rising antimicrobial...

Current evidence of generative artificial intelligence specifically developed for dental and maxillofacial radiology: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to investigate the current development and application landscape of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-A...

Dedicated Endoscopy for Barrett's Oesophagus With Higher Dysplasia Yield May Reduce Seattle Protocol Biopsies: Results From UK Multicentre Study.

BACKGROUND: Dedicated service for Barrett's oesophagus (BO) surveillance may be more effective than conventional service, according to some single cen...

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Strengthen Acute and Critical Care Nursing Practice: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping clinical decision support systems (CDSSs). In acute and critical care, nurses provide continuous...

Trusting the Algorithm or Trusting the Nurse? Critical Care Nurses' Experiences of Automation Bias and Professional Autonomy in AI-Assisted Early Warning.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence-assisted early warning systems (AI-EWS) are increasingly integrated into critical care, yet little is known about ...

Evaluating the Accuracy, Empathy, and Readability of Generative AI Versus Registered Nurses in Discharge Planning: A Vignette-Based Study.

AIM: To compare the multidimensional performance of discharge instructions generated by generative AI (GPT-4) versus those created by clinical registe...

Beyond maximum grade: key regulatory considerations in adverse event reporting.

The therapeutic landscape of haematological malignancies has evolved rapidly with the introduction of targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and cell-ba...

Harmonising Depression and Anxiety Measures Across International Cohorts: A Framework Validated Using Measurement Invariance.

AIMS: Cross-national research on mental health trajectories requires harmonised measures that are valid and comparable. However, measurement scales of...

Unsupervised Ensemble Learning for Active Drug-Induced Liver Injury Surveillance: Integrating Pharmacokinetic Burden With Enzyme Trajectories.

PURPOSE: Traditional drug-induced liver injury (DILI) surveillance relying on static laboratory thresholds frequently misses early kinetic evolution. ...

Artificial Intelligence in Xenotransplantation: A Prioritized Roadmap for Early Clinical Translation, Opportunities and Challenges.

Xenotransplantation represents a potential solution to the persistent global organ shortage, yet its clinical application remains stalled by complex i...

AI-Assisted Sonography for the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, clinical utility, and workflow integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted sonography for the a...

Can LLMs reliably perform epidemiological extraction in elite football?

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries remain a critical burden in professional football, resulting in prolonged absence and high economic costs. W...

Integrating Microfluidics Chips into Vector-Borne Disease Surveillance: Technological Breakthroughs and Persistent Hurdles.

BACKGROUND: Vector-borne diseases (VBDs), such as malaria, dengue, and Zika virus infections, remain a critical global health burden, particularly in ...

Impact of AI-Triaged Worklists and AI-Assisted Report Generation on Radiology Turnaround Times: Prospective Real-World Study.

BACKGROUND: Radiology departments frequently manage large, heterogeneous worklists using first-in, first-out (FIFO) reporting workflows. This approach...

Smartphone-Based Fundus Imaging in Global Eye Care: Closing the Gap.

Smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) is an emerging approach with potential relevance for global ophthalmic care, including in low- and middle-incom...

Retrospective population-based cohorts for assessing the performance of algorithmic diabetes classification and for quantifying the true burden of type 1, type 2 and LADA phenotypes in Quebec: a study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes affects 537 million people worldwide, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) estimated to account for most cases. Type 1 diabetes (T1D), la...

Comparison and interpretability of machine learning algorithms to predict survival of patients with prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance and interpretability of multiple ML algorithms for survival prediction in prostate cancer (CaP) and to assess w...