Surveillance

Real-world evidence in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): insights, challenges, and future directions.

Real-world evidence (RWE), derived from real-world data, offers key insights into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). RWE complements traditional randomised controlled trials by capturing large-scale, diverse patient populations and long-term outcomes. This review interrogates the role of RWE in understanding MASLD epidemiology, natural history, hepatic and extra-hepa...

Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Concise Review of Reporting Checklists and Guidelines.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly integrated into dental diagnostics, imaging and treatment planning. However, despite this growing adoption, adherence to standardised reporting frameworks remains inconsistent. Insufficient use of established checklists continues to impede reproducibility, transparency and regulatory credibility. This review systematically examines existing AI r...

Integrating Kolmogorov-Arnold networks with ordinary differential equations for efficient, interpretable, and robust deep learning: Epidemiology of infectious diseases as a case study.

This study extends universal differential equation (UDE) frameworks by integrating the Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) with ordinary differential equa...

Leveraging artificial intelligence for surgical site infection surveillance: A comparison of 5 large language models.

We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the performance of 5 large language models in detecting surgical site infections (SSIs), compared with ...

Molecular diagnostics in clinical microbiology: Advances, applications, and future directions.

Molecular diagnostics have transformed clinical microbiology by enabling rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive detection of infectious agents, signifi...

Use of human data for risk assessment of pesticides: A review including an evaluation of trichlorfon as case study.

Pesticides are suspected to cause health effects in humans, but human-based data on their toxicity are often insufficient to establish associations an...

Self-reported periodontitis: A multiethnic community-based validation study.

OBJECTIVE: Self-reported periodontal measures offer a practical alternative to clinical examinations in large-scale studies, but few validation effort...

Deep Learning in Vertebral Fracture Detection: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Subject- vs. Vertebra-Level Approaches.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To provide a context-aware evaluation of deep learning algorithms for vertebral fracture detection by disentangling subject-...

Artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiographic sex discordance and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation: A multinational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Binary classification of sex fails to capture the sex-related continuum of atrial fibrillation (AF) risk. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to d...

The global epidemiology of acute kidney injury: challenges and opportunities.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating complication of acute illness that affects adults and children across multiple settings worldwide and is as...

The global epidemiology of acute myeloid leukaemia.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive haematological malignancy with an incidence that increases with age and varies widely across regions ow...

A machine learning based framework for identifying consumer product injuries from social media data.

BACKGROUND: Safety is a critical aspect of consumer products. However, there are millions of product related injuries reported each year. Traditional ...

Cross-modality fusion of hematology-based digital and molecular biomarkers for intelligent epidemiological screening and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a critical challenge due to the disease's complexity and the limitations of current screenin...

Incorporating information retrieval into AI chatbots for patient education on thyroid eye disease.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of general-purpose, retrieval-augmented, and medicine-specific AI chatbots in answering common thyroid eye diseas...

Geometric deep learning for local growth prediction on abdominal aortic aneurysm surfaces.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are progressive focal dilatations of the abdominal aorta. AAAs may rupture, with fatal consequences in >80% of cases...

Pressure injury surveillance in the intensive care unit: Development, validation, and clinical application of a natural language processing algorithm.

INTRODUCTION: Pressure injuries (PIs) are one of the most common hospital-acquired complications in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU)....

Characteristics and genomics study of Salmonella isolates in retail chicken in Shaanxi, China: Focus on comparative genomics analysis of S. Kentucky and S. enteritidis isolates from Shaanxi with those from elsewhere in China.

Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen, frequently linked to poultry and posing serious food safety and public health risks. To investigate its epid...

Exploring the Endorsement and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence Guidelines in Leading Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Journals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in orthopaedics and sports medicine (OSM) has transformed clinical practice and scientific...

AI-based automated weight prediction in cattle for herd health surveillance.

Early and accurate monitoring of livestock health is critical for effective disease prevention, welfare assurance, and sustainable farm management. La...

Hereditary syndromes and RCC: what radiologists need to know.

Hereditary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 5-8% of all renal cancers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the seven...