Surveillance

Swimming in the Sea of Real-World Evidence (RWE) Guidance: Why More Guidance Documents Are Needed to Help Researchers Swim.

Real-world evidence (RWE) plays an expanding role in regulatory, health technology assessment (HTA), and lifecycle decision-making, prompting a rapid increase in guidance documents intended to support its generation and use. This commentary argues that additional guidance is not redundant; rather, it is necessary to sustain consistency, credibility, and confidence as RWE methods become more specia...

Practical applications of artificial intelligence in infectious disease surveillance and control: opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly recognized as a public health tool with applications ranging from epidemiology, pandemic preparedness to infection control. Despite these advances, the integration of AI presents significant risks that demand careful oversight. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this review are to (1) present practical AI platforms that aid clinicians, rese...

Artificial Intelligence and Antimicrobial Stewardship: From Clinical Decision Support to Public Health Action.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to threaten the effectiveness of modern medicine and poses major public health challenges worldwi...

Barriers, adoption patterns, and determinants of artificial intelligence use among health sciences students in Palestine.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into healthcare education worldwide, yet disparities in access, training, and institutional re...

The use of artificial intelligence models for interpretation and triage of clinical referral letters to acute and specialist care pathways: Protocol for a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Clinical referral letters direct patients into acute, urgent, and specialist care pathways, but their triage is typically manual, heteroge...

Urinary Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis and Surveillance: From Analytical Promise to Clinical Utility.

Urine is an attractive source of cancer biomarkers because it can be collected non-invasively and repeatedly, yet high diagnostic accuracy in early st...

Field readiness of Raman-AI pipelines for microplastic analysis across environmental matrices.

Microplastic monitoring increasingly depends on workflows that can inform decisions beyond controlled laboratory datasets. Raman spectroscopy coupled ...

Artificial Intelligence in Infectious Disease Research.

BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases remain a major global health challenge, and while AI is rapidly advancing diagnostic techniques such as Computed Tomog...

Seeing Beyond the Surgeon's Eye: Artificial Intelligence for Postoperative Monitoring of Free Vascularized Flaps: A Narrative Review.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative monitoring of free vascularized flaps (FVFs) is critical for early detection of ischemia and timely salvage. Although tradit...

Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence based chatbots in reporting jaw lesions from multimodal radiographic images: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of commonly utilized chatbots including Gemini, Copilot, Claude, and specializ...

Smartphone-based optical and spectroscopic sensors for food safety monitoring: principles, applications, and future directions.

Food safety monitoring increasingly requires analytical tools that are rapid, portable, and accessible beyond centralized laboratories. In this contex...

Nurse-Led Large Language Model Chatbot for Predicting and Preventing Complications After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Thirty-day unplanned readmission following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) affects 10%-20% of patients and is a key quality indicat...

Reporting Quality of Large Language Model Studies: A Cross-Sectional Audit of High-Ranking Radiology and Medical Imaging Journals.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate adherence to the Minimum Reporting Items for Clear Evaluation of Accuracy Reports of Large Language Models in Healthcare (MI-CL...

Artificial intelligence in breast cancer imaging: a systematic review of diagnostic performance, predictive modeling, and clinical translation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly advanced in breast cancer imaging, demonstrating high diagnostic and predictive performance across imaging mo...

Between the hype and harm: does artificial intelligence in health offer solace or further exclusion for marginalised populations in Sub-Saharan Africa? A scoping review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into healthcare systems and has the potential to improve health outcomes. In Sub-Saharan...

UCtracker: A Deep Learning-Based DNA Methylation Model for Noninvasive Diagnosis and Recurrence Surveillance of Urothelial Carcinoma in a Prospective Study.

Noninvasive diagnosis and longitudinal surveillance of urothelial carcinoma (UC) remain clinically challenging. Here, we developed and prospectively v...

Evaluation Methods for Inference-Time Retrieval-Augmented and Graph Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models in Health Care: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Inference-time retrieval augmentation is increasingly used to improve the traceability and verifiability of large language model (LLM) app...

Mapping the literature on improving primary-to-secondary care referrals through the lens of the Quintuple Aim framework for healthcare improvement: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: To explore and map the literature on referral pathway gaps and improvement strategies in primary healthcare (PHC) to secondary healthcare ...

Real-time clinical decision support system for early identification of infection and sepsis in the intensive care unit: a retrospective development and prospective deployment study.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis and infection are distinct yet overlapping conditions in the intensive care unit (ICU), posing diagnostic and management challenges...

Delay and Attrition in Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Four-Checkpoint Systematic Review of Pathway Bottlenecks and Interventions.

The care pathway for severe aortic stenosis (AS) remains vulnerable to diagnostic delay, referral inertia, undertreatment, and procedural waiting time...