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Surveys

Latest AI and machine learning research in surveys for healthcare professionals.

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Use of large language models by academic hospitalists: results of a multicenter survey

Introduction: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) by clinicians has increased rapidly in recent years, with large language models (LLMs) emerging as tools that can equal clinician diagnostic performance in simulated settings. However, limited data exist regarding physicians use of LLMs in real-world clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of LLM use among practicing hospi...

Personalized Brain-Based Analgesia Detection with Portable fNIRS and AI

Neuroimaging based pain decoding faces two underappreciated challenges: between subject variability that prevents classifiers from generalizing across patients, and within session cross validation designs that inflate reported accuracy by conflating within person and between person variance. Here we address both using portable functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during pharmacologically ...

Data Representation Bias and Conditional Distribution Shift Drive Predictive Performance Disparities in Multi-Population Machine Learning

Machine learning frequently encounters challenges when applied to population-stratified datasets, where data representation bias and data distribution...

Frontier Large Language Models for Comprehensive Medication Review in CKD Patients with Polypharmacy: A Trap-Embedded Synthetic Benchmark

Background: Patients with CKD and polypharmacy face high rates of drug-related problems, yet comprehensive medication review remains time-intensive an...

Estimation of the curved body length of tuna larvae from microscope images using a zero-shot model and image processing techniques

Fixed larval specimens often shrink and curve, making length measurement labor-intensive. Although recent studies have demonstrated efficient fish-len...

Are We Overconfident in Models and Results for Semi-Supervised 3D Medical Image Segmentation?

Semi-supervised learning has become a dominant paradigm for reducing annotation costs. However, we argue that the current progress is clouded by a two...

May 25 2026 2605.25561v1
Quantitative Evaluation of the Severity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder through Transfer Learning from Specific Phobia Data

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent and debilitating mental health condition with significant personal and societal impacts. Current c...

May 25 2026 2605.25933v1
An Experimental Investigation of the Relationship between AI-Human Workflow Design and Legal Liability for Radiologists: The Erroneous-Change Penalty and Omission Bias

Background: With growing impetus to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) tools into radiology, clinical practices must navigate workflow redesign. T...

Machine-Assisted Topic Analysis of Large-Scale Health Experience Data: Identifying Sociodemographic Differences and Evaluating Bias in Large Language Models

Introduction: Large-scale free-text data with socio-demographic information can capture nuanced accounts of lived experience that are difficult to det...

The Double Dilemma in Multi-Task Radiology Report Generation: A Gradient Dynamics Analysis and Solution

While multi-task learning based automatic radiology report generation (RRG) is widely adopted to ensure clinical consistency, most focus on architectu...

May 21 2026 2605.22635v1
Assessing the reliability of immunofluorescence image analysis with artificial intelligence

In view of the outstanding progress of machine learning (ML) and growing cost of health systems, it is a current challenge to incorporate artificial i...

Pixel-Based Skin Tone Estimation on Dermoscopy: A Dual-Rater MST Benchmark and Feasibility Study

Skin-tone labels are absent from public dermoscopy benchmarks such as the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC), making it impossible to aud...

Reliable Uncertainty Under Class Imbalance and Distribution Shift: Class-Conditional Conformal Prediction of Multiple Sclerosis

Objectives To evaluate whether class-conditional conformal prediction (CP) can provide reliable uncertainty quantification (UQ) under severe class imb...

CUOREMA: Immersive Bio & Behavioral Feedback and Digital Interventions for Cardiac Rehabilitation - Exploratory Analysis

Cardiac rehabilitation is critical for secondary prevention, yet long-term adherence remains low. We present CUOREMA, a new personalized mobile health...

20/20 Vision Language Models: A Prescription for Better VLMs through Data Curation Alone

Data curation has shifted the quality-compute frontier for language-model and contrastive image-text pretraining, but its role for vision-language mod...

May 12 2026 2605.11405v2
Instruct-ICL: Instruction-Guided In-Context Learning for Post-Disaster Damage Assessment

Rapid and accurate situational awareness is essential for effective response during natural disasters, where delays in analysis can significantly hind...

May 12 2026 2605.11439v1
Spectral Energy Centroid: a Metric for Improving Performance and Analyzing Spectral Bias in Implicit Neural Representations

Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) model continuous signals using multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), enabling compact, differentiable, and high-fideli...

May 12 2026 2605.12709v1
Verification Mirage: Mapping the Reliability Boundary of Self-Verification in Medical VQA

Self-verification, re-invoking the same vision language model (VLM) in a fresh context to check its own generated answer, is increasingly used as a de...

May 11 2026 2605.10850v1
The German National Cohort: Ophthalmological Assessment, Baseline Profile and Potential for AI-based Eye Research

Objective: To describe the ophthalmic examination protocol within the German National Cohort (NAKO) / NAKO Gesundheitsstudie, to report the baseline p...

Causal EpiNets: Precision-corrected Bounds on Individual Treatment Effects using Epistemic Neural Networks

Individual treatment effects are not point-identified from data. The Probability of Necessity and Sufficiency (PNS) circumvents this limitation by cha...

May 8 2026 2605.07065v1
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