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Latest AI and machine learning research in surveys for healthcare professionals.

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Region Matters: Efficient and Reliable Region-Aware Visual Place Recognition

Visual Place Recognition (VPR) determines a query image's geographic location by matching it against geotagged databases. However, existing methods struggle with perceptual aliasing caused by irrelevant regions and inefficient re-ranking due to rigid candidate scheduling. To address these issues, we introduce FoL++, a method combining robust discriminative region modeling with adaptive re-ranking....

Apr 24 2026 2604.22390v1

Reliability Auditing for Downstream LLM tasks in Psychiatry: LLM-Generated Hospitalization Risk Scores

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in clinical reasoning and risk assessment. However, their interpretive reliability in critical and indeterminate domains such as psychiatry remains unclear. Prior work has identified algorithmic biases and prompt sensitivity in these systems, raising concerns about how contextual information may influence model outputs, but there remains no sy...

Apr 23 2026 2604.22063v1
Predicting Depressive Symptoms Among Reproductive-Aged Women in Bangladesh Using Bagging Ensemble Machine Learning on Imbalanced Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2022 Data

Background Depressive symptoms among reproductive-aged women represent a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries, yet systemat...

GeneBench: Assessing AI Agents for Multi-Stage Inference Problems in Genomics and Quantitative Biology

We introduce GeneBench, a benchmark for AI agents on realistic multi-stage scientific data analysis in genetics and quantitative biology. Existing bio...

Concurrent Criterion Validation of a Validity Screen for LLM Confidence Signals via Selective Prediction

The validity screen (Cacioli, 2026d, 2026e) classifies LLM confidence signals as Valid, Indeterminate, or Invalid. We test whether these classificatio...

Apr 20 2026 2604.17716v1
ReTrack: Evidence-Driven Dual-Stream Directional Anchor Calibration Network for Composed Video Retrieval

With the rapid growth of video data, Composed Video Retrieval (CVR) has emerged as a novel paradigm in video retrieval and is receiving increasing att...

Apr 20 2026 2604.17898v1
MM-JudgeBias: A Benchmark for Evaluating Compositional Biases in MLLM-as-a-Judge

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been increasingly used as automatic evaluators-a paradigm known as MLLM-as-a-Judge. However, their relia...

Apr 20 2026 2604.18164v1
Embedding Arithmetic: A Lightweight, Tuning-Free Framework for Post-hoc Bias Mitigation in Text-to-Image Models

Modern text-to-image (T2I) models amplify harmful societal biases, challenging their ethical deployment. We introduce an inference-time method that re...

Apr 20 2026 2604.18167v1
LBFTI: Layer-Based Facial Template Inversion for Identity-Preserving Fine-Grained Face Reconstruction

In face recognition systems, facial templates are widely adopted for identity authentication due to their compliance with the data minimization princi...

Apr 20 2026 2604.18358v1
Performance of open-source large language models on nephrology self-assessment program

Background: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in medical question-answering tasks, highlighting their potential for cl...

When Fairness Metrics Disagree: Evaluating the Reliability of Demographic Fairness Assessment in Machine Learning

The evaluation of fairness in machine learning systems has become a central concern in high-stakes applications, including biometric recognition, heal...

Apr 16 2026 2604.15038v1
LinkLlama: Enabling Large Language Model for Chemically Reasonable Linker Design

Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) relies heavily on the design of chemically viable linkers to connect fragments binding to different pocket region...

Community needs for FAIR pathogen data

Background: Datasets related to infectious diseases are essential for public health decision-making, yet their reuse remains limited by persistent bar...

Resting-state fMRI foundation models enable robust and generalizable latent neural target discovery in cognitive aging interventions

The benefits of interventions targeting cognitive aging vary substantially across individuals, largely owing to heterogeneity in aging-related comorbi...

CausalDisenSeg: A Causality-Guided Disentanglement Framework with Counterfactual Reasoning for Robust Brain Tumor Segmentation Under Missing Modalities

In clinical practice, the robustness of deep learning models for multimodal brain tumor segmentation is severely compromised by incomplete MRI data. T...

Apr 15 2026 2604.13409v1
Learning Class Difficulty in Imbalanced Histopathology Segmentation via Dynamic Focal Attention

Semantic segmentation of histopathology images under class imbalance is typically addressed through frequency-based loss reweighting, which implicitly...

Apr 15 2026 2604.13479v1
What Are We Really Measuring? Rethinking Dataset Bias in Web-Scale Natural Image Collections via Unsupervised Semantic Clustering

In computer vision, a prevailing method for quantifying dataset bias is to train a model to distinguish between datasets. High classification accuracy...

Apr 15 2026 2604.13610v1
Rethinking Image-to-3D Generation with Sparse Queries: Efficiency, Capacity, and Input-View Bias

We present SparseGen, a novel framework for efficient image-to-3D generation, which exhibits low input-view bias while being significantly faster. Unl...

Apr 15 2026 2604.13905v1
Bias at the End of the Score

Reward models (RMs) are inherently non-neutral value functions designed and trained to encode specific objectives, such as human preferences or text-i...

Apr 14 2026 2604.13305v1
A case report on gendered biases in a Finnish healthcare AI assistant

In this study, we investigate gender bias in a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) based AI assistant developed for Finnish wellbeing services counti...

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