Surveys

A new peer reviewer? Comparing AI with human performance in randomized controlled trial risk-of-bias assessment.

BACKGROUND: Risk-of-bias (RoB) assessment is essential for evidence synthesis but remains time-consuming and inherently subjective. Artificial intelligence (AI) may improve the efficiency of systematic reviews; however, its reliability in reproducing expert RoB judgements remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To compare the performance of AI models and human raters in RoB assessment of randomized control...

Exploring the Role of AI in Managing Treatment Recommendations for Lymphedema: International, Multidisciplinary, Multiprofessional Survey Study of Trust, Reliability, and Impact on Decision-Making.

BACKGROUND: Upper and lower extremity lymphedema is a chronic, progressive condition that significantly impairs the quality of life of affected patients. Despite the recently established effectiveness of physical therapy and supermicrosurgical interventions, current guidelines frequently lag behind emerging evidence and commonly do not offer stage-specific treatment algorithms. This gap in evidenc...

The Alberta Quality Assessment Tool: Risk of Bias (AQAT:RoB) for the Evaluation of Medical Large Language Model Question-Answer Studies: Development and Pilot Validation.

BACKGROUND: Despite the transformative potential of large language models (LLMs) in health care, the rapid development of these tools has outpaced the...

An Expedited Chart Review Process for Large Database Studies Using Natural Language Processing and Multiwave Adaptive Sampling.

BACKGROUND: One of the ways to enhance analyses conducted with large claims databases is by validating the measurement characteristics of the code-bas...

Rethinking fairness in unsupervised healthcare AI: A methodological scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: Fairness in machine learning has been extensively studied in supervised settings, where labeled outcomes allow direct assessment of bias. I...

Bias, fairness, and equity in artificial intelligence systems used in dental imaging: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in dental imaging for automated interpretation of dental images and as a clinical decisi...

Beyond identification: inferring physical activity from fingerprint lipids using machine learning.

Fingerprints are a widely recognized form of forensic evidence, valued for their ability to link individuals with specific locations. Traditional fing...

Assessment of Telemedicine Perceptions, Usability, and Implementation Barriers Among Physicians in Kazakhstan Using the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire-Model for Assessment of Telemedicine-Kazakhstan Version (TUQ-MAST-KZ) Questionnaire: Pilot Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

BACKGROUND: Health care professionals' perceptions of telemedicine, its usability, and the presence of organizational barriers are important determina...

A double-blind, crossover, non-inferiority randomised controlled trial where primary care providers and patients compare human-generated and AI-generated digital health messages: the AI-CARE study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Primary care is facing multiple crises, including an increase in health misinformation. Digital health messaging by primary care provide...

Enthusiasm and hesitation: a structural topic modelling analysis of long-acting injectable PrEP perceptions among Dutch-speaking MSM.

BACKGROUND: Long-acting injectable PrEP (LA-PrEP) is a novel HIV prevention modality recently approved in Europe, offering an important addition to HI...

Artificial intelligence in scholarly peer review: a scoping review of applications, risks, and governance challenges.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into scholarly publishing workflows, extending beyond manuscript preparation into ...

The influence of e-commerce virtual streamer characteristics on consumers' purchase intention: Based on a hybrid SEM-ANN approach.

With the advancement of artificial intelligence technology, virtual streamers have gained significant traction in live streaming e-commerce. Despite t...

A Gate-Tunable Thermal Persistent Photocurrent Device for In-Sensor Spiking Neural Networks.

Persistent photocurrent is widely observed in van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures and is often attributed to trap-assisted photogating, yet its micro...

Understanding bias in older drivers' self-reported driving styles using naturalistic driving data.

OBJECTIVE: Accurate self-assessment of driving performance is critical for maintaining safety and mobility among older adults. However, many older dri...

Targeted Real-Time Assessment of Chronic Pain (TRAC-Pain) in Youth: Protocol for a Digital Biosignature Development Through a Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 1 in 5 children and adolescents live with chronic pain, with musculoskeletal (MSK) pain being one of the most prevalent subt...

Mpox Awareness and Knowledge Among Residents of the Northern Border Region, Saudi Arabia: Implications for Community Preparedness.

In August 2024, the World Health Organization declared the ongoing mpox upsurge in Africa a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, undersco...

A fully automated CT-based pelvimetry pipeline for quantifying mid-pelvic surgical workspace in rectal cancer.

PURPOSE: Pelvimetry may aid preoperative planning in rectal cancer surgery, yet manual measurements are time-consuming and MRI-based methods require d...

A machine learning approach to using ultrasound for body composition and nutritional status assessment in newborns: a pilot study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment of infant body composition, specifically fat and fat-free mass, is crucial for evaluating growth and nutritional statu...

Attention and residual mechanism-based CNN architecture (ARC-Net) with enhanced fairness generalization for deepfake facial image detection.

Deepfake (DF) content poses a major challenge to digital media authentication, that can mimic facial movements, creating realistic replicas that risk ...

HybridMolGen: A Unified Framework for Goal-Directed Molecular Generation via Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning.

MOTIVATION: De novo molecular design remains a fundamental challenge in drug discovery, requiring simultaneous optimization of multiple conflicting ob...