Tuberculosis

Novel RT‒qPCR-based blood signatures for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Whole-blood gene expression has the potential to become an affordable alternative for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Through an immune-based gene expression profile via the NanoString platform, we previously identified 12 genes from whole blood that distinguished active TB from other pulmonary diseases. Here, we performed a three-phase diagnostic test evaluation to determine the sci...

Long-PVSUNet: A Longitudinal Deep Learning Framework for Count-Oriented Perivascular Space Segmentation in Brain MRI.

Enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) are small, sparse MRI-visible markers of cerebral small vessel disease and brain ageing. Their size, low contrast, and severe foreground-background imbalance make automated segmentation challenging. Existing methods are mainly cross-sectional and do not model temporal consistency, limiting their utility for tracking longitudinal change. We developed Long-PVSUNet...

Ultra-High-Resolution Quantum Dot Microdisplays Fabricated via Microvia Electrostatic Adsorption Self-Assembly.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence drives advances in microdisplays for smart wearables and near-eye applications. This imposes extremel...

Global Freshwater Resistomes Reveal Environmental Signatures Associated with the Burden of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, yet the extent to which environmental resistomes reflect human disease burden remain...

Free energy perturbation and machine learning-assisted identification of novel molecules for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis KasA protein: a fragment-based drug design approach.

KasA is an essential enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It plays a critical role in synthesizing long-chain mycolic acids, the major componen...

A machine learning-assisted colorimetric platform based on a Cu-doped carbon dot nanozyme for sensitive detection of N-acetylcysteine in serum.

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol-containing mucolytic agent for COPD, exhibits significant pharmacokinetic variability among patients, motivating the n...

A smartphone-integrated colorimetric sensor array based on chiral carbon dot nanozymes for rapid biothiol discrimination.

The discrimination of structurally similar biothiols remains a critical challenge in clinical diagnostics, as conventional nanozyme-based sensor array...

Recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission, United States, 2018-2022 (Response).

Recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission, United States, 2018-2022.

Artificial intelligence for healthcare in Nepal: A scoping review of clinical applications, implementation evidence, and health-system governance.

BACKGROUND: Nepal offers a distinctive LMIC setting for evaluating AI-health adoption due to its difficult geography, specialist shortage, high case b...

Carbon quantum dot-based sensors for detecting emerging contaminants: synthesis, functionalization, sensing mechanisms, and future perspectives.

In recent years, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for environmental sensing due to their excellent optical propertie...

Antimicrobial peptides for tuberculosis in a post-antibiotic era: from in vitro promise to therapeutic potential.

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious pathogen, driven by prolonged treatment regimens and escalating drug resistan...

Alopecia Areata: Advances in Clinical Evaluation and Pathogenesis.

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune condition that affects approximately 2% of the global population. Although it most commonly presents with ...

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-based prediction of tuberculosis treatment failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide, and treatment failure contributes to ongoing transmis...

β-Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Mycobacterium smegmatis Porin A for Steroid Discrimination and Gut Metabolite Monitoring.

Steroid metabolites like estradiol (E2) and bile acids (BAs) play pivotal roles in human metabolism but are challenging to distinguish due to their hi...

Network-guided transcriptomics identifies drug-linked host-response biomarkers in tuberculosis disease-state transition.

Distinguishing active tuberculosis (ATB) from the post-therapy state remains a key challenge in disease monitoring, as host-response signatures are of...

Implementing AI-enabled chest X-ray for community-based integrated screening for tuberculosis, chronic respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Low- and middle-income countries face a growing dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, while services remain verticall...

Counterfactual harm: a counter-argument.

As artificial intelligence systems are increasingly used to guide decisions, it is essential that they follow ethical principles. A core principle in ...

Theranostic innovation in infectious lung diseases: integrating biotechnology and nanotechnology for precision medicine.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: Infectious lung diseases, including pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), COVID-19, influenza, and emerging fungal infections, are...

A radiology-aware fuzzy deep learning framework with entropy-guided feature selection for robust multi-disease chest X-ray classification across multiple magnifications.

Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging remains the most widely used and cost-effective modality for diagnosing thoracic diseases, yet automated multi-disease inter...