Tuberculosis

Quantitative three-dimensional imaging of Coxiella burnetii infection by focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy.

Coxiella burnetii is a highly virulent intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of acute and chronic Q fever in humans. Central to its pathogenicity is the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system, which translocates more than 100 effector proteins into host cells to drive the biogenesis of Coxiella-containing vacuoles (CCVs), which are specialized, lysosome-derived compartments that support bacteri...

AI in Point-of-Care Imaging for Clinical Decision Support: Systematic Review of Diagnostic Accuracy, Task-Shifting, and Explainability.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) integrated with point-of-care imaging is a promising approach to expand access in settings with limited specialist availability. However, no systematic review has comprehensively evaluated AI-assisted clinical decision support across multiple point-of-care imaging modalities, assessed explainability implementation, or quantified clinical impact evidence gap...

XRL-QNet: an explainable reinforcement learning framework for optimizing and evaluating quantum dots fabrication.

The development of quantum photonics relies on the availability of high-quality, on-demand single-photon sources. Most appropriate are semiconductor Q...

Convolutional neural networks quantify antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with diagnostic grade accuracy and predict treatment response.

There is considerable interest in training machine learning (ML) models on genomic data that achieve clinical grade diagnostic accuracy. Many successf...

Updates on tuberculosis imaging.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges persist des...

NSUN2 restrains renal fibrosis via m5C-stabilized GPX4 and ferroptosis inhibition.

BACKGROUND: Renal fibrosis (RFib) is a final common pathway in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Although 5-methylcytosine (m5C) RNA modificat...

Divergent macrophage-regulated T cell states determine response to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine in high-risk bladder cancer.

BACKGROUNDPrimary therapy for high-risk bladder cancer (BCa) is repeated instillations of the tuberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Alt...

Identification of potential MenT3 inhibitors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the generative artificial intelligence and SilicoXplore platform.

Whole genome sequencing precision medicine strategy to shorten treatment for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (SMARTT): a pragmatic, randomised, single-blind phase 4 trial.

BACKGROUND: All patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis should receive a short course of effective treatment. We aimed to evaluate the effecti...

Scenario-based evaluation of large language models for reference accuracy in dermatology: literature retrieval on latent tuberculosis in psoriasis patients on anti-IL-17/23 therapy.

BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) could accelerate clinical literature searches, but their reliability is compromised by "hallucinations" gener...

Tuberculosis Disease Severity Assessment Using Clinical Variables and Radiology Enabled by Artificial Intelligence.

BACKGROUND: Chest X-ray (CXR) can assess pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) severity and may guide duration of treatment. However, the optimal radiological m...

Quantum dot-DNA microsphere aptamer biosensor with AI-assisted structural modeling for rapid detection of the lung cancer biomarker USE1.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for rapid, accurate, and affordabl...

[Annual progress in imaging diagnosis of tuberculosis in 2025].

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health threat and continues to be one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases worldwid...

Accelerating Excited-State Calculations of Large Systems with Restricted Boltzmann Machines.

Accurate excited-state electronic-structure calculations for large systems remain challenging due to the prohibitive cost of constructing and screenin...

Identifying mitochondria-related signatures for tuberculosis diagnosis through machine learning on single-cell transcriptomics data and experimental verification.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of infectious disease mortality. Early diagnosis is crucial for curbing transmission and initiating timely tre...

Multimodal Learning with Privileged Report Supervision for Generalizable Tuberculosis Detection on Chest Radiographs.

Ischaemia in tuberculous meningitis: update on pathophysiology, clinical predictors and management.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, associated with high mortality and ...

A multicenter, video-EEG-based validation of a multimodal wearable device for focal seizure detection in adults: The SeizeIT2 study.

OBJECTIVE: Currently available wearable devices for detecting focal seizures primarily target major motor seizures or involve semi-invasive subscalp i...

Antimicrobial peptides in malaria and tuberculosis management: a systematic review of emerging evidence.

AMPs (Antimicrobial peptides) are small molecules that are crucial components of biological activities, viz wound healing, angiogenesis, antimicrobial...

Accelerating tuberculosis diagnosis in Mozambican prisons using digital chest X-rays with computer-aided detection: a longitudinal, comprehensive health intervention.

BACKGROUND: Mozambique has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and in 2021, an estimated 18,000 persons with TB nationwide were not diagnosed. Estimate...