US Health Policy

Advanced smart assistance with enhancing social interaction and daily activities for visually impaired individuals using deep learning with modified seagull optimization.

Visually impaired individuals face daily challenges in social engagement and routine activities due to limited access to real-time environmental information. Damage detection is a common approach in infrastructure that combines steel and concrete reinforcement to achieve optimal durability and structural strength. These bridges, designed to withstand diverse loads such as seismic forces, traffic w...

Decoupling Multi-Contrast Super-Resolution: Pairing Unpaired Synthesis with Implicit Representations

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is critical for clinical diagnostics but is often limited by long acquisition times and low signal-to-noise ratios, especially in modalities like diffusion and functional MRI. The multi-contrast nature of MRI presents a valuable opportunity for cross-modal enhancement, where high-resolution (HR) modalities can serve as references to boost the quality of their low...

Development and Validation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Prolonged Postoperative Opioid Use in Spinal Metastatic Disease.

Introduction: Operative management of spinal metastatic disease is largely for symptom palliation and revolves around the expectation that postoperati...

Predicting onward care needs at admission to reduce discharge delay using explainable machine learning.

Early identification of patients who require onward referral to social care can prevent delays to discharge from hospital. We introduce an explainable...

Seeing the Abstract: Translating the Abstract Language for Vision Language Models

Natural language goes beyond dryly describing visual content. It contains rich abstract concepts to express feeling, creativity and properties that ...

On the Equivalence of Gaussian Graphical Models Defined on Complete Bipartite Graphs

This paper introduces two Gaussian graphical models defined on complete bipartite graphs. We show that the determinants of the precision matrices as...

Evaluating prostate cancer diagnostic methods: The role and relevance of digital rectal examination in modern era.

This review examines diagnostic methods for prostate cancer, focusing on the role of digital rectal examination (DRE) alongside modern advancements li...

Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models

Do Large Language Models (LLMs) hold positions that conflict with your country's values? Occasionally they do! However, existing works primarily foc...

You can lie but not deny: SWMR registers with signature properties in systems with Byzantine processes

We define and show how to implement SWMR registers that provide properties of unforgeable digital signatures - without actually using such signature...

Controlled Social Learning: Altruism vs. Bias

We introduce a model of controlled sequential social learning in which a planner may pay a cost to adjust the private information structure of agent...

Artificial intelligence in colorectal surgery multidisciplinary team approach-From innovation to application.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has played a novel role in aiding healthcare system functions and enhancing the patient experience. Multidisciplinary tea...

Artificial intelligence in assisted reproductive technology: separating the dream from reality.

This paper critically reviews the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in assisted reproductive technology (ART), a nascent field that has emerged ove...

Translating Multimodal AI into Real-World Inspection: TEMAI Evaluation Framework and Pathways for Implementation

This paper introduces the Translational Evaluation of Multimodal AI for Inspection (TEMAI) framework, bridging multimodal AI capabilities with indus...

Autonomous AI for Multi-Pathology Detection in Chest X-Rays: A Multi-Site Study in the Indian Healthcare System

Study Design: The study outlines the development of an autonomous AI system for chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation, trained on a vast dataset of over ...

Value Profiles for Encoding Human Variation

Modelling human variation in rating tasks is crucial for enabling AI systems for personalization, pluralistic model alignment, and computational soc...

Exploring Socio-Cultural Challenges and Opportunities in Designing Mental Health Chatbots for Adolescents in India

Mental health challenges among Indian adolescents are shaped by unique cultural and systemic barriers, including high social stigma and limited prof...

Using a single actor to output personalized policy for different intersections

Recently, with the development of Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) has achieved satisfactory result...

EchoQA: A Large Collection of Instruction Tuning Data for Echocardiogram Reports

We introduce a novel question-answering (QA) dataset using echocardiogram reports sourced from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care datab...

Diagnostic Accuracy and Clinical Value of a Domain-specific Multimodal Generative AI Model for Chest Radiograph Report Generation.

Background Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is anticipated to alter radiology workflows, requiring a clinical value assessment for frequent exa...

Responsible AI Agents

Thanks to advances in large language models, a new type of software agent, the artificial intelligence (AI) agent, has entered the marketplace. Comp...