Enhancers control gene expression and have crucial roles in development and homeostasis. However, the targeted de novo design of enhancers with tissue-specific activities has remained challenging. Here we combine deep learning and transfer learning t...
Recent years have seen revived interest in computer-assisted organic synthesis. The use of reaction- and neural-network algorithms that can plan multistep synthetic pathways have revolutionized this field, including examples leading to advanced natur...
Recreating complex structures and functions of natural organisms in a synthetic form is a long-standing goal for humanity. The aim is to create actuated systems with high spatial resolutions and complex material arrangements that range from elastic t...
AlphaFold2 (ref. ) has revolutionized structural biology by accurately predicting single structures of proteins. However, a protein's biological function often depends on multiple conformational substates, and disease-causing point mutations often ca...
As dialogue agents become increasingly human-like in their performance, we must develop effective ways to describe their behaviour in high-level terms without falling into the trap of anthropomorphism. Here we foreground the concept of role play. Cas...
The power of human language and thought arises from systematic compositionality-the algebraic ability to understand and produce novel combinations from known components. Fodor and Pylyshyn famously argued that artificial neural networks lack this cap...
Central nervous system tumours represent one of the most lethal cancer types, particularly among children. Primary treatment includes neurosurgical resection of the tumour, in which a delicate balance must be struck between maximizing the extent of r...
Medical artificial intelligence (AI) offers great potential for recognizing signs of health conditions in retinal images and expediting the diagnosis of eye diseases and systemic disorders. However, the development of AI models requires substantial a...
We are now entering a new era in protein sequence and structure annotation, with hundreds of millions of predicted protein structures made available through the AlphaFold database. These models cover nearly all proteins that are known, including thos...
According to twenty-first century climate-model projections, greenhouse warming will intensify rainfall variability and extremes across the globe. However, verifying this prediction using observations has remained a substantial challenge owing to lar...