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HIV Infections

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Performance of an automated deep learning algorithm to identify hepatic steatosis within noncontrast computed tomography scans among people with and without HIV.

Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
PURPOSE: Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver disease) affects 25% of the world's population, particularly people with HIV (PWH). Pharmacoepidemiologic studies to identify medications associated with steatosis have not been conducted because methods to eva...

A deep learning approach to real-time HIV outbreak detection using genetic data.

PLoS computational biology
Pathogen genomic sequence data are increasingly made available for epidemiological monitoring. A main interest is to identify and assess the potential of infectious disease outbreaks. While popular methods to analyze sequence data often involve phylo...

Deep learning for topical trend discovery in online discourse about Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP).

AIDS and behavior
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) interventions are increasingly prevalent on social media. These data can be mined for insights about PrEP that may not be as apparent in surveys including personal musings about PrEP and barriers/facilitators to PrEP u...

Logistic Regression-Based Model Is More Efficient Than U-Net Model for Reliable Whole Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Segmentation.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI
OBJECTIVES: Automated whole brain segmentation from magnetic resonance images is of great interest for the development of clinically relevant volumetric markers for various neurological diseases. Although deep learning methods have demonstrated remar...

A three-methylation-driven gene-based deep learning model for tuberculosis diagnosis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus co-infection.

Microbiology and immunology
Improved diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are urgently required. We hypothesized that methylation-driven genes (MDGs) of host blood could be used to diagnose patients co-infected with HIV/TB....

Switching to a NRTI-free 2 drug regimen (2DR) -a sub-analysis of the 48 weeks DUALIS study on metabolic and renal changes.

HIV research & clinical practice
Switching from a three-drug regimen (3DR: boosted darunavir [bDRV] and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs]) to a two-drug regimen (2DR: bDRV and dolutegravir [DTG]) demonstrated non-inferiority with regard to viral suppression in...

Different features identified by machine learning associated with the HIV compartmentalization in semen.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases
Genetic compartmentalization in semen has been observed in previous studies. However, genetic signatures associated with compartmentalization in semen are only beginning to be explored. A total of 2071 partial HIV env sequences for paired blood and s...

Stable warfarin dose prediction in sub-Saharan African patients: A machine-learning approach and external validation of a clinical dose-initiation algorithm.

CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology
Warfarin remains the most widely prescribed oral anticoagulant in sub-Saharan Africa. However, because of its narrow therapeutic index, dosing can be challenging. We have therefore (a) evaluated and compared the performance of 21 machine-learning tec...

Long-term safety and efficacy of rilpivirine in combination with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-1 infected patients: 336-week rollover study of phase 2b and 3 clinical studies.

Antiviral therapy
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of rilpivirine (RPV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), in combination with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in human immunodeficiency vir...

Rilpivirine plus cobicistat-boosted darunavir as alternative to standard three-drug therapy in HIV-infected, virologically suppressed subjects: Final results of the PROBE 2 trial.

Antiviral therapy
BACKGROUND: Primary analysis at 24 weeks showed that switching to rilpivirine plus darunavir/cobicistat was non-inferior to continuing a standard three-drug antiretroviral regimen in virologically suppressed people with HIV. We present efficacy and s...