AIMC Topic: Large Language Models

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Large Language Models in Lung Cancer: Systematic Review.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: In the era of data and intelligence, artificial intelligence has been widely applied in the medical field. As the most cutting-edge technology, the large language model (LLM) has gained popularity due to its extraordinary ability to handl...

Clinical Risk Computation by Large Language Models Using Validated Risk Scores.

Journal of medical systems
Recent advances in artificial intelligence have propelled Large Language Models (LLMs) in natural language understanding, enabling new healthcare applications. While LLMs can analyze health data, directly predicting patient risk scores can be unrelia...

Using Large Language Models for Chronic Disease Management Tasks: Scoping Review.

JMIR medical informatics
BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases present significant challenges in health care, requiring effective management to reduce morbidity and mortality. While digital technologies like wearable devices and mobile applications have been widely adopted, large lan...

Referential hallucination and clinical reliability in large language models: a comparative analysis using regenerative medicine guidelines for chronic pain.

Rheumatology international
This study compared language models' responses to open-ended questions on regenerative therapy guidelines for chronic pain, assessing their accuracy, reliability, usefulness, readability, semantic similarity, and hallucination rates. This cross-secti...

Using Large Language Models to Assess the Consistency of Randomized Controlled Trials on AI Interventions With CONSORT-AI: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: Chatbots based on large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in evaluating the consistency of research. Previously, researchers used LLM to assess if randomized controlled trial (RCT) abstracts adhered to the CONSORT-Abstract guideli...

Evaluating the diagnostic performance of OpenBioLLM in neurology: A case-based assessment of a medical large language model.

PloS one
In the evolving field of neurological healthcare, deep learning technologies are gaining recognition for their potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Transformer-based models, particularly large language models (LLMs) such as OpenBioLLM, have show...

Extension of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research Guideline to Large Language Models (COREQ+LLM): Protocol for a Multiphase Study.

JMIR research protocols
BACKGROUND: Qualitative research provides essential insights into human behaviors, perceptions, and experiences in health sciences. The COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) checklist, published in 2007 and endorsed by the ...

Automated Resectability Classification of Pancreatic Cancer CT Reports with Privacy-Preserving Open-Weight Large Language Models: A Multicenter Study.

Journal of medical systems
 To evaluate the effectiveness of open-weight large language models (LLMs) in extracting key radiological features and determining National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) resectability status from free-text radiology reports for pancreatic ducta...

Fine-Tuning Methods for Large Language Models in Clinical Medicine by Supervised Fine-Tuning and Direct Preference Optimization: Comparative Evaluation.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: Large language model (LLM) fine-tuning is the process of adjusting out-of-the-box model weights using a dataset of interest. Fine-tuning can be a powerful technique to improve model performance in fields like medicine, where LLMs may have...

Comparative Evaluation of a Medical Large Language Model in Answering Real-World Radiation Oncology Questions: Multicenter Observational Study.

Journal of medical Internet research
BACKGROUND: Large language models (LLMs) hold promise for supporting clinical tasks, particularly in data-driven and technical disciplines such as radiation oncology. While prior evaluation studies have focused on examination-style settings for evalu...