The field of precision medicine aims to tailor treatment based on patient-specific factors in a reproducible way. To this end, estimating an optimal individualized treatment regime (ITR) that recommends treatment decisions based on patient characteri...
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Dec 16, 2019
Understanding how the brain forms representations of structured information distributed in time is a challenging endeavour for the neuroscientific community, requiring computationally and neurobiologically informed approaches. The neural mechanisms f...
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Dec 16, 2019
Combinatorial generalization-the ability to understand and produce novel combinations of already familiar elements-is considered to be a core capacity of the human mind and a major challenge to neural network models. A significant body of research su...
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
Dec 16, 2019
In the last decade, deep artificial neural networks have achieved astounding performance in many natural language-processing tasks. Given the high productivity of language, these models must possess effective generalization abilities. It is widely as...
We propose a novel approach to investigate the effects of sensitization, habituation and dishabituation in the brain using the analysis of the reaction-diffusion memory unit (RDMU). This unit consists of Morris-Lecar-type sensory, motor, interneuron ...
Brette contends that the neural coding metaphor is an invalid basis for theories of what the brain does. Here, we argue that it is an insufficient guide for building an artificial intelligence that learns to accomplish short- and long-term goals in a...
Semantic universals are properties of meaning shared by the languages of the world. We offer an explanation of the presence of such universals by measuring simplicity in terms of ease of learning, showing that expressions satisfying universals are si...
In many reinforcement learning tasks, the goal is to learn a policy to manipulate an agent, whose design is fixed, to maximize some notion of cumulative reward. The design of the agent's physical structure is rarely optimized for the task at hand. In...
The ability to rapidly assimilate new information is essential for survival in a dynamic environment. This requires experiences to be encoded alongside the contextual schemas in which they occur. Tse et al. (Science 316(5821):76-82, 2007) showed that...
Artificial intelligence is a growing phenomenon that is driving major changes to how we deliver healthcare. One of its most significant and challenging contributions is likely to be in diagnosis. Artificial intelligence is challenging the physician's...