Brain Cancer

Attention-Guided Deep Learning of Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Differentiate Between Tumor Progression and Radiation Necrosis in Brain Metastasis.

PURPOSE: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a standard treatment for brain metastases; however, it may lead to radiation necrosis (RN). RN can be virtually indistinguishable from tumor progression (TP), which can have significant clinical implications on appropriate, time-sensitive treatment. This study investigated the effectiveness of multimodal chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic res...

Low-dose CBCT image reconstruction: a review.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a critical imaging modality in various medical fields, yet its repeated use poses radiation risks to patients. Low-dose CBCT image reconstruction aims to mitigate these risks while preserving image quality, which is crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of the latest research progress in low-dose CBCT i...

The global epidemiology of acute myeloid leukaemia.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive haematological malignancy with an incidence that increases with age and varies widely across regions ow...

Advancing CNS tumor diagnostics with expanded DNA methylation-based classification.

DNA methylation-based classification is now central to contemporary neuro-oncology, as highlighted by the World Health Organization (WHO) classificati...

Prediction of IDH-mutation and 1p19q-codeletion status in adult-type diffuse gliomas using three-class radiomics models.

PURPOSE: To predict the genetic subtypes of adult-type diffuse gliomas with three-class MRI radiomics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four hundred and eighty p...

3D Automated Segmentation of Bronchial Abnormalities on Ultrashort Echo Time MRI: A Quantitative MR Outcome in Cystic Fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) monitoring relies on computed tomography (CT), but ultra-short echo time MRI (UTE-MRI) offers a radiation-free altern...

Three-dimensional surface scanning for registration in stereotactic neurosurgery: a cadaveric feasibility study.

OBJECTIVE: Achieving submillimetric accuracy in stereotactic neurosurgery remains critical for safely targeting deep brain structures. Current workflo...

Deciphering the role of angiogenesis in glioblastoma: Integrative insights from transcriptomic profiling, single-cell sequencing and interpretable machine learning approaches.

Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly vascularized and aggressive primary brain tumor, presents unresolved questions regarding the functional significance of a...

Molecular targeted therapies, omics, and AI based theranostics approaches for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Cancer is a disease that begins with genetic and epigenetic alterations occurring in specific cells, some of which can spread and migrate to other tis...

A Comparative, Multiobserver Analysis of Nodal Contouring Methods in Pelvic Online Cone Beam-Based Adaptive Radiation Therapy.

PURPOSE: In online cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based adaptive radiation therapy (ART), nodal recontouring ensures sufficient nodal coverage b...

Accuracy of Photon Dose Calculation on Photon-Counting Computed Tomography-A Comparison Study Based on Virtual Monoenergetic and Electron Density (Rho) Images for Pancreatic Cases.

PURPOSE: Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) offers versatile anatomic information because of better energy discrimination and higher spatial r...

Total-body [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging of healthy volunteers with minimal effective dose.

PURPOSE: High-sensitivity, total-body (TB) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) imaging systems enable substantial reductio...

Hopfield neural networks with diverse activation functions: impact of variable action gradients and electromagnetic radiation effects.

Activation functions and their variable gradient action are pivotal in bridging artificial neural networks with the dynamic behavior of biological neu...

Emerging trends in nuclear medicine: breakthrough in radiopharmaceuticals, Geant4 simulations, and AI integration.

Nuclear medicine has witnessed revolutionary progress, spurred by advances in radiopharmaceuticals, computational modeling, and artificial intelligenc...

The Impact of Radiation Dose to Bowel on the Risk of Developing Gastrointestinal Toxicities When Treating Abdominopelvic Soft-Tissue Sarcomas With Preoperative Radiation Therapy.

PURPOSE: Abdominopelvic soft-tissue sarcomas (AP-STS) are selectively treated with radiation therapy (RT) followed by surgery. We investigated dosimet...

Deep learning approach for DCE-MRI parameter estimation: Evaluating signal intensity and concentration-time curve-based convolution-neural-networks.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is common technique for assessing tissue perfusion and permeability in brain tumors (e.g., gliomas), using gen...

CSF1R and macrophage infiltration: Integrated magnetic resonance imaging radiomics and deep learning-driven models for the preoperative assessment of glioma.

BACKGROUND: Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling is crucial for the ability of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to establish an i...

Introducing feature identification and refinement engine (FIRE) for identifying consistent and informative gene signature.

Identifying disease-specific molecular signatures from omics data remains a major challenge in biomedical research. In the case of glioblastoma, one o...

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictive Biomarker for Hypoxia, Treatment De-escalation, and Recurrence in Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether quantitative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parametric values...

Artificial Intelligence and Radiogenomics for Pediatric CNS Neoplasms.

The 5th edition of the WHO CNS tumor classification (2021) emphasizes molecular alterations, especially in pediatric tumors, integrating histology wit...