Dermatology

AI-Based D-Amino Acid Substitution for Optimizing Antimicrobial Peptides to Treat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infection.

D-amino acid substitution provides an effective strategy for optimizing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) by enhancing their stability. However, the absence of universal rules renders traditional screening methods time-consuming and labor-intensive, potentially leading to reduced or complete loss of activity. Here, we curated a D-amino acid-substituted AMP dataset from published literature and databas...

Cutting-Edge AI Technologies in Skin Cancer Applications.

The rapid development of multimodal large language models (LLMs) such as GPT and Med-PaLM is reshaping medical practice. Skin cancer, one of the most prevalent malignancies, encompasses diverse subtypes and early signs that often resemble benign lesions, making timely detection and accurate diagnosis challenging. Traditional diagnostic methods are hindered by subjectivity, sampling bias, and low e...

Lesion-level prediction of local recurrence after stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases using machine learning and mixed-effects modeling.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify and validate clinically meaningful predictors of local treatment failure (LTF) after stereotactic ra...

Artificial Intelligence and Trichoscopy: Can AI Distinguish Between Alopecia Areata and Lichen Planopilaris?

Utilizing artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia with ultrasound biomicroscopy images.

PURPOSE: This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to assist ophthalmologists in distinguishing ocular surface squamous neoplas...

An old disease, a new linguistic challenge for large language models: patient education on psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in an underrepresented medical language.

OBJECTIVE: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to patient education, yet their performance in languages that are relatively underrep...

Workflow-embedded AI as a cognitive scaffold: A randomized trial on knowledge retention and diagnostic competency in undergraduate radiology education.

BACKGROUND: Traditional didactic methods in medical imaging education, predominantly reliant on static images (non-augmented, traditional PACS workflo...

Machine learning enables rapid assessment of potential cetacean health indicators.

Cetaceans are important ecosystem sentinels but face growing threats from major disease-related mortality events expected to intensify under climate c...

Immunoprotective and neuroprotective properties of gut microbiome in psoriasis.

Psoriasis impacts nearly 100 million people globally and is associated with neuropsychiatric comorbidities such as depression and anxiety. With gut mi...

Effects of a transformer-based AI-based application to support incontinence-associated dermatitis and pressure injury assessment, nursing care and documentation: Controlled pilot intervention study.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly important role in nursing care, including wound management. Differentiating pressu...

Outcome Assessment in Stroke Using Multiparametric MRI: Integrating Infarct Location, Radiomics, and Global Brain Frailty.

BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment of 90-day functional outcomes after anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke remains challenging. Conv...

Programmable lipid nanoparticles for RNA therapeutics: Design principles and clinical translation.

RNA therapeutics have come of age as clinically validated modalities including mRNA, siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and in vivo genome edit...

Advances in melanoma immunotherapy: harnessing vaccination as a potential novel immunotherapeutic strategy.

Melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, demands innovative immunotherapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. This review explores recent ...

A multicenter multinational retrospective study of the 1-year natural history of LI-RADS 3 observations in patients with cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the 1-year natural history of liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) 3 observations on contrast-enhanced MRI in cirrh...

[Chronic skin damage from UV radiation].

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the primary risk factor for the development of both melanocytic and nonmelanocytic skin cancer. In particular, UVA and U...

Comparing dermatologists' and artificial intelligence heat maps in dermoscopic image analysis via eye tracking.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based predictive systems generate heat maps that highlight informative regions as proxy explanations for diag...

Segmentation of Cemento-Osseous Dysplasias Using an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in medical imaging and in the analysis of complex ...

Deep Laplacian Coordinates: End-to-end deeply guided anisotropic diffusion for COVID-19 pulmonary lesion segmentation.

Despite notable advances in deep learning, accurately segmenting lung lesions in computed tomography remains a significant challenge due to the scarci...

Hitting the Bull's AI: Artificial Intelligence-derived Imaging Features and their Association with Outcomes in CT-guided Lung Biopsy, a Retrospective Study.

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate whether quantitative imaging features analyzed by an artificial intelligence (AI) tool are associated with succes...

Deep learning-based cognitive impairment brain imaging analysis: New methods, new technologies, and new paradigms.

Cognitive impairment arising from ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease presents distinct structural and network-level alterat...