Devices and Vaccines

Diagnostic Accuracy and Clinical Reasoning of Multiple Large Language Models in Psychiatry

Importance: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated diagnostic potential in several medical specialties, but their application to psychiatry - where diagnosis relies heavily on clinical judgment, narrative interpretation, and reasoning under uncertainty - remains insufficiently evaluated. Objective: To evaluate diagnostic accuracy and clinician-judged reasoning quality of multiple large lan...

HiCInterpolate: 4D Spatiotemporal Interpolation of Hi-C Data for Genome Architecture Analysis.

Motivation: Studying the three-dimensional (3D) structure of a genome, including chromatin loops and Topologically Associating Domains (TADs), is essential for understanding how the genome is organized, such as gene activation, cell development, protein-protein interaction, etc. Hi-C protocol enables us to study 3D genome structure and organization. Chromatin 3D structure changes dynamically over ...

Temperature Scaling Attack Disrupting Model Confidence in Federated Learning

Predictive confidence serves as a foundational control signal in mission-critical systems, directly governing risk-aware logic such as escalation, abs...

Quantile Transfer for Reliable Operating Point Selection in Visual Place Recognition

Visual Place Recognition (VPR) is a key component for localisation in GNSS-denied environments, but its performance critically depends on selecting an...

Large mRNA language foundation modeling with NUWA for unified sequence perception and generation

The mRNA serves as a crucial bridge between DNA and proteins. Compared to DNA, mRNA sequences are much more concise and information-dense, which makes...

ReCALL: Recalibrating Capability Degradation for MLLM-based Composed Image Retrieval

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) aims to retrieve target images based on a hybrid query comprising a reference image and a modification text. Early dual...

Improving Robustness of Vision-Language-Action Models by Restoring Corrupted Visual Inputs

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a dominant paradigm for generalist robotic manipulation, unifying perception and control within a ...

De novo design of a safe and potent respiratory syncytial virus immuno-focusing antigen

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains the leading cause of severe respiratory infections in infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. Altho...

Do VLMs Perceive or Recall? Probing Visual Perception vs. Memory with Classic Visual Illusions

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often answer classic visual illusions "correctly" on original images, yet persist with the same responses when ill...

Multimodal Fusion of Pathology Free-Text and Clinical Data Enhances Complication-Risk Discrimination After Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction

Implant-based breast reconstruction is the most common surgical option following mastectomy for breast cancer. Despite its prevalence, up to one-third...

TCRAD: An End-to-End Framework for Antigen-Targeted T Cell Receptor Design

Understanding and engineering T-cell receptor (TCR) specificity is central to personalized immunotherapy and antigen discovery. However, while antigen...

Reasoning-Enhanced Rare-Event Prediction with Balanced Outcome Correction

Rare-event prediction is critical in domains such as healthcare, finance, reliability engineering, customer support, aviation safety, where positive o...

AlignInsight: A Three-Layer Framework for Detecting Deceptive Alignment and Evaluation Awareness in Healthcare AI Systems

Importance: Emerging evidence suggests healthcare AI systems may exhibit deceptive alignment (appearing safe during validation while optimizing for mi...

Resource-Conscious RL Algorithms for Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has proven to be a promising treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD). DBS involves stimulating specific regions of the brai...

Representation-Aware Unlearning via Activation Signatures: From Suppression to Knowledge-Signature Erasure

Selective knowledge erasure from LLMs is critical for GDPR compliance and model safety, yet current unlearning methods conflate behavioral suppression...

HERMES: Holographic Equivariant neuRal network model for Mutational Effect and Stability prediction

Accurately predicting how amino acid substitutions alter protein function is a central challenge in biology, with applications from interpreting disea...

Detection of S1 spike protein in CD16+ monocytes up to 245 days in SARS-CoV-2-negative post-COVID-19 vaccine syndrome (PCVS) individuals.

Despite over 13 billion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses administered globally, persistent post-vaccination symptoms, termed post-COVID-19 vaccine syndrome (P...

Mapping the landscape of AI and ML in vaccine innovation: A bibliometric study.

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies, their applications in the medical field have expand...

Predicting the risk of in-stent restenosis after drug-eluting stent implantation: Pipe dream or machine learning-enabled opportunity?

AI-driven optimization of spinal implant design using parametric modelling.

This study aimed to enhance vertebral implant design by using a parametric spine model and advanced simulation techniques to evaluate biomechanical be...