Devices and Vaccines

Cancer vaccines: Discovery, development, and challenges for clinical translation.

Cancer vaccines stimulate antitumor immunity by delivering tumor antigens and, in recent years, have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy against cancer. The recent success of mRNA-based cancer vaccines from Moderna in treating patients with late-stage melanoma demonstrates the feasibility of clinical translation of antigen-based cancer vaccines. However, the success of cancer vaccine devel...

Development and validation of venous thromboembolism-bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (VTE-BERT) natural language processing model.

BACKGROUND: Accurate and rapid phenotyping of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in longitudinal studies is important. A natural language processing (NLP) tool externally validated in representative patients is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To train and validate an efficient NLP model to detect incident VTE event. METHODS: We designed a novel NLP platform, NLPMed, to assist thrombosis researchers with data prepr...

U-Net and YOLOv8 Artificial Intelligence Models for Automated Recognition of Internal Jugular Veins and Radial Arteries: A Foundational Study for Artificial Intelligence-guided Vascular Cannulation inPoint-of-care Ultrasound.

OBJECTIVES: This study compares the U-Net and You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) models for identifying internal jugular veins (IJVs) and radial ar...

Detecting schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychosis vulnerability and major depressive disorder from 5 minutes of online-collected speech.

Psychosis poses substantial social and healthcare burdens. The analysis of speech is a promising approach for the diagnosis and monitoring of psychosi...

Regulatory Insights From 27 Years of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning-Enabled Medical Device Recalls in the United States: Implications for Future Governance.

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) has revolutionized the health care industry, particularly in the development and use of m...

Three-dimensional digital quantitative analysis of periodontal and peri-implant phenotype-A narrative review.

3D digital evaluation of the periodontal and peri-implant tissue, including CBCT, intraoral scanning, optical surface scanning, and ultrasonography, i...

Artificial Intelligence for Low-Dose CT Lung Cancer Screening: Comparison of Utilization Scenarios.

. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools for evaluating low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening examinations are used predominantly for assisting radiolo...

An overview of reliable and representative DVC measurements for musculoskeletal tissues.

Musculoskeletal tissues present complex hierarchical structures and mechanical heterogeneity across multiple length scales, making them difficult to c...

MoTe synaptic transistor and its application to physical reservoir computing.

In this study, we systematically analyzed the synaptic properties of an MoTe-based transistor and propose a physical reservoir computing system based ...

Computation strategies and clinical applications in neoantigen discovery towards precision cancer immunotherapy.

Neoantigens, which are tumor-specific peptides generated by malignant cells, can be presented to T cells to elicit immune responses. Owing to their tu...

Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Vaccine Equity: Protocol for Exploring Vaccine Distribution Planning and Scheduling in Pandemics in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted significant disparities in vaccine distribution, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs...

Prediction and characterisation of the human B cell response to a heterologous two-dose Ebola vaccine.

Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks are increasing, posing significant threats to affected communities. Effective outbreak management depends on prote...

Clinical prediction of intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease based on interpretable Transformer model.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been established as the first-line therapy for Kawasaki disease (KD). However, approximately 10%-20% of pediatri...

Organic dual-channel transistors for reconfigurable signal modulation and anti-counterfeiting.

The development of integrated circuits and artificial intelligence demands electronic devices with versatile functions. While unconventional transisto...

Predicting SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses elicited by inactivated vaccines in healthy adults using machine learning models.

The ongoing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants highlights the importance of monitoring immune response...

Automatic Identification of Dental Implant Brands with Deep Learning Algorithms.

OBJECTIVES: To reduce the problems arising from the inability to identify dental implant brands, this study aims to classify various dental implant br...

Machine learning approaches to dissect hybrid and vaccine-induced immunity.

BACKGROUND: The spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its subvariants, highly transmissible but responsible of milder disease, has increased unrepo...

Enhancing diabetes risk prediction through focal active learning and machine learning models.

To improve the effectiveness of diabetes risk prediction, this study proposes a novel method based on focal active learning strategies combined with m...

Unraveling Stochastic Dynamics and Switching Mechanism in Ag Network-Based Neuromorphic Device by Impedance Spectroscopy.

Neuromorphic devices are leading advancements in brain-inspired computing. The present study employs impedance spectroscopy on an in-plane volatile ne...

Mechanobiology-guided machine learning models for predicting long bone fracture healing across diverse scenarios.

BACKGROUND: Fracture healing is a complex, time-dependent process governed by biological and mechanical factors, including implant properties. While f...