Diabetes

Triglyceride-Glucose-Waist-to-Weight Index: Novel Biomarker for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older People With Sarcopenic Obesity.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is closely associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, traditional body composition-based diagnostic criteria for SO fail to adequately incorporate insulin resistance, a key pathophysiological mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the association between SO, defined using multiple diagnostic criteria including novel insulin resistance indices,...

Literature Commentary June, 2026.

In this issue, the following 4 articles are reviewed by Drs. Mark L. Moster and Deborah I. Friedman, most of which include authors who are members of NANOS:Pakeerathan T, Davis J, Henderson AD, et al. OCT-based differentiation of first acute optic neuritis: an international study of 111 patients with NMOSD and MOGAD. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2026;13:e200531. Brownlee WJ, Maccarrone D, Nis...

[Artificial intelligence in diabetic retinopathy screening].

INTRODUCTION: Visual impairment and blindness continue to represent a substantial disease burden in Hungary. According to national epidemiological dat...

Deep learning-based CT-derived vertebral bone mineral density and metformin therapy: a longitudinal study in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: Evidence on metformin's skeletal effects remains conflicting. We emulated a target trial to evaluate associations between metformin therapy...

An AI-Driven Pipeline for Localization, Segmentation, and Classification of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasound Images of the Median Nerve.

BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the most common peripheral neuropathy, is currently diagnosed by clinical suspicion supported by tools such ...

Does lens opacity matter? The effect of cataract on deep learning based cardiovascular disease risk scores from fundus photos.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of cataracts on a deep learning (DL) model for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction. METHODS: This retrospe...

Probiotics and Postbiotics in Life-Style Disease Management: A Comprehensive Review on the Technologies in the Era of Omics and Artificial Intelligence.

Both conventional and next-generation probiotics play a crucial role in maintaining host homeostasis. They modulate insulin sensitivity, immune-regula...

Machine learning and SHAP interpretation for predicting coronary heart disease-diabetes comorbidity with dietary antioxidants.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus frequently co-occur through shared mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Whether sp...

Explainable ensemble machine learning for predicting diabetes mellitus and identifying key risk factors: a population-based study in northern Bangladesh.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an escalating global public health concern, with a rapidly increasing burden in low- and middle-income countries, including ...

Electronic health record-derived machine learning model for hypoglycemia risk prediction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: development and validation.

BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemia is a serious complication of diabetes. Early recognition of hypoglycemia can improve clinical prognosis, however, traditional...

Application of construction and validation of logistic regression model in risk prediction of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIMS: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with non-proliferative DR (NPDR) represent...

Integration of network pharmacology, deep learning, and molecular biology reveals the efficacy of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. blossom extract in ameliorating diabetic osteoporosis.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a type of metabolic bone disease. Blossom of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. (CAVA...

Personalized non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring via multiparameter-informed machine learning.

Non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring (NCGM) based on reverse iontophoresis (RI) holds considerable promise for diabetes management; however, its...

Capturing multi-disease states on a spectrum with machine learning and routine clinical data.

BACKGROUND: Diseases exist on spectra of risk factors, cellular perturbations, organ dysfunction, and clinical manifestations. It is unknown whether t...

Retinal lesion annotation on fundus imaging: an interobserver variability study.

Accurate detection and segmentation of retinal lesions in fundus photographs is essential for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy (DR) and for developing ...

Precision Management of Autoimmune Ocular Complications: Th17 Mechanisms and Therapeutic Innovations.

Precision management of ocular complications in systemic autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren's syndrome (SS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Beh...

Early-life proteomic and microbiome features signal obesity risk across 26 years of follow-up.

UNLABELLED: Childhood obesity is rising globally. Yet, few studies have examined the microbiome and proteome in early childhood in relation to this ou...

RAS pathway activity subtypes identified by machine learning define prognostic and immune microenvironment characteristics in lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the predominant histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, remains a leading cause of cancer-related ...

AI driven Hybrid CNN transformer model for early detection and severity assessment of diabetic retinopathy.

As the major cause of sight impairment in working age adults is diabetic retinopathy (DR) which requires timely and proper diagnosis to avoid the irre...

Third-party governance and artificial intelligence for diabetes management in primary health care, China.

PROBLEM: Fragmented primary health care in China fails to tackle the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases. Despite substantial investment, fewer...