Gastroenterology

See more, detect more: investigating colonic inspection techniques and polyp detection using machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality despite widespread colonoscopy screening. Colonoscopy effectiveness, which can reduce CRC risk by 90%, depends largely on adenoma detection rate (ADR), a metric strongly influenced by mucosal inspection quality during withdrawal. However, ADR miss rates remain as high as 26% due to incomplete inspection. Although simulation...

Spatially resolved tissue architecture and computational pathology in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a complex disease characterized by high levels of cellular heterogeneity and pronounced microenvironmental remodelling. Dynamic changes during its initiation and progression contribute to resistance to conventional therapies. Building upon key molecular catalogues established by bulk and single-cell profiling studies that have advanced our understanding o...

Deep learning image reconstruction improves visualization of arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout appearance on dual-energy CT for hepatocellular carcinoma: a non-inferiority study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR)-based dual-energy CT (DECT) in improving image q...

EMBC Special Issue: SAM-HovNet: SAM-Enhanced Multi-Class Nucleus Segmentation and Classification in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Slides.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Manual nuclear analysis in HCC...

Prediction of Blood Transfusion Need and Dose in Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Retrospective Multicenter Prediction Model Study.

BACKGROUND: Transfusion thresholds in upper gastrointestinal bleeding are debated; hemoglobin cutoffs of 70-80 g/L are widely cited yet inconsistently...

UNetrDose: a fast and accurate transformer-based dose prediction model for radiotherapy.

To develop and validate UNetrDose, a Transformer-based deep learning model designed for fast and accurate photon beamlet dose prediction. The study ai...

Serum Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3) Is Associated with Transplant-Free Survival in Acute Liver Failure.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Prognostication in acute liver failure (ALF) due to acetaminophen (APAP) and other causes of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) rem...

Exploration of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Dynamics through Physics-Informed Deep Learning Approach.

Accurate forecasting of viral disease outbreaks is crucial for guiding public health responses and preventing widespread loss of life. Recently, Physi...

Nonoperating room anesthesia in the ICU: current practice and considerations.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: ICU procedures are increasingly complex, often requiring deeper sedation or general anesthesia, and are increasingly performed at t...

Engineering Organoid Platforms for Pathogenesis Research.

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases ranging from the 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic to the recent SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox virus outbreaks cont...

Systems biology integration of miR-mRNA profiles identifies steroid refractoriness mechanisms and biomarker candidates in ulcerative colitis.

Approximately 60% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) show steroid resistance or dependence, underscoring the need for biomarkers predicting ther...

CHRNA5 orchestrates tumorigenesis and immune invasion through the CaMKII/AKT/NF-κB-CCL20 axis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

AIMS: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by poor prognosis, extensive perineural invasion (PNI), ...

Machine Learning Enables Rapid Prediction of Acid-Reducing Agent Drug Interactions: A Streamlined Complement to PBPK Modeling.

pH-dependent drug-drug interactions (DDIs) commonly occur when acid-reducing agents (ARAs) are co-administered with weakly basic drugs. Although physi...

Integrated Network Analysis Suggests an miR-21/MMP/VEGF-Associated Regulatory Axis in Gastric Cancer.

BACKGROUND, AIMS: Gastric cancer (GC) pathogenesis involves complex molecular interactions that remain incompletely understood at a biological systems...

Evolution of peptide-mediated siRNA delivery - from early design to next generation platform.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics has huge potential for treating many diseases, including those incurable or undruggable by small molecules ...

Signal Detection and Temporal Analysis of Aromatase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity: A Pharmacovigilance Study Integrating Bayesian Belief-Propagation Network and Frequentist Metrics.

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the real-world hepatotoxicity of third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for breast cancer using pharmacovigilance...

HBV-Specific T Cell Responses for Short-Term Hepatitis Progression Prediction: A Comparative, Interpretable Machine Learning Study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: As central determinants of viral control and immunopathology, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cell responses provide more clinic...

Machine Learning Predicts Treatment Response and Prognostic Pathways From Whole-Blood Transcriptome in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Prognostic biomarkers that link disease progression and/or responses to therapeutic interventions in patients with primary biliar...

Building Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

CT radiomics for noninvasive prediction of histologic differentiation in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: The histological differentiation grade of gastric cancer critically influences treatment and prognosis. While CT radiomics shows promise f...