HIV/AIDS

Linear versus deep learning methods for noisy speech separation for EEG-informed attention decoding.

OBJECTIVE: A hearing aid's noise reduction algorithm cannot infer to which speaker the user intends to listen to. Auditory attention decoding (AAD) algorithms allow to infer this information from neural signals, which leads to the concept of neuro-steered hearing aids. We aim to evaluate and demonstrate the feasibility of AAD-supported speech enhancement in challenging noisy conditions based on el...

Unbiased Characterization of Peptide-HLA Class II Interactions Based on Large-Scale Peptide Microarrays; Assessment of the Impact on HLA Class II Ligand and Epitope Prediction.

Human Leukocyte Antigen class II (HLA-II) molecules present peptides to T lymphocytes and play an important role in adaptive immune responses. Characterizing the binding specificity of single HLA-II molecules has profound impacts for understanding cellular immunity, identifying the cause of autoimmune diseases, for immunotherapeutics, and vaccine development. Here, novel high-density peptide micro...

Empathetic application of machine learning may address appropriate utilization of ART.

The value of artificial intelligence to benefit infertile patients is a subject of debate. This paper presents the experience of one aspect of artific...

Immunopeptidomic Data Integration to Artificial Neural Networks Enhances Protein-Drug Immunogenicity Prediction.

Recombinant DNA technology has, in the last decades, contributed to a vast expansion of the use of protein drugs as pharmaceutical agents. However, su...

A Novel Method to Identify Pneumonia through Analyzing Chest Radiographs Employing a Multichannel Convolutional Neural Network.

Pneumonia is a virulent disease that causes the death of millions of people around the world. Every year it kills more children than malaria, AIDS, an...

Internet of things-inspired healthcare system for urine-based diabetes prediction.

Healthcare industry is the leading domain that has been revolutionized by the incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology resulting in smart ...

Artificial intelligence for breast cancer detection in mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis: State of the art.

Screening for breast cancer with mammography has been introduced in various countries over the last 30 years, initially using analog screen-film-based...

Efficient GAN-based Chest Radiographs (CXR) augmentation to diagnose coronavirus disease pneumonia.

: As 2019 ends coronavirus disease start expanding all over the world. It is highly transmissible disease that can affect respiratory tract and can le...

COVID-19: The role of artificial intelligence in empowering the healthcare sector and enhancing social distancing measures during a pandemic.

Indiscriminatory in its spread, COVID-19 has engulfed communities from all social backgrounds throughout the world. While healthcare professionals wor...

Drug Resistance Prediction Using Deep Learning Techniques on HIV-1 Sequence Data.

The fast replication rate and lack of repair mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contribute to its high mutation frequency, with some mut...

Machine learning to quantify habitual physical activity in children with cerebral palsy.

AIM: To investigate whether activity-monitors and machine learning models could provide accurate information about physical activity performed by chil...

An Application of Random Walk Resampling to Phylogenetic HMM Inference and Learning.

Statistical resampling methods are widely used for confidence interval placement and as a data perturbation technique for statistical inference and le...

Random forest machine learning algorithm predicts virologic outcomes among HIV infected adults in Lausanne, Switzerland using electronically monitored combined antiretroviral treatment adherence.

Machine Learning (ML) can improve the analysis of complex and interrelated factors that place adherent people at risk of viral rebound. Our aim was to...

Covid-19: automatic detection from X-ray images utilizing transfer learning with convolutional neural networks.

In this study, a dataset of X-ray images from patients with common bacterial pneumonia, confirmed Covid-19 disease, and normal incidents, was utilized...

Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF (G4) and Xpert Ultra, including trace readouts, for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a TB and HIV endemic setting.

BACKGROUND: There are limited data about Xpert-Ultra performance in different settings, in HIV-infected persons, in those with a history of previous T...

Automatic detection of tympanic membrane and middle ear infection from oto-endoscopic images via convolutional neural networks.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a popular type of deep neural network, have been actively applied to image recognition, object detection, object...

Environmental Noise Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks with Input Transform for Hearing Aids.

Hearing aids are essential for people with hearing loss, and noise estimation and classification are some of the most important technologies used in d...

PACC: Large scale connected component computation on Hadoop and Spark.

A connected component in a graph is a set of nodes linked to each other by paths. The problem of finding connected components has been applied to dive...

Alendronate/Vitamin D for attenuating bone mineral density loss during antiretroviral initiation: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is associated with decreases in bone mineral density (BMD). To plan for a larger trial, we sought to obtain p...

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-1-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy.

Vitamin D insufficiency has been associated with faster progression of atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular disease risk, but limited data ar...