HIV/AIDS

A multicentre verification study of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assay.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this verification study was to compare the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) to the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube (QFT-GIT). The new QFT-Plus test contains an extra antigen tube which, according to the manufacturer additionally elicits a CD8 T-cell response above the CD4 T-cell response. We assessed the value of this tube in detecting recent latent tuberculosis infections.

A survey of machine learning applications in HIV clinical research and care.

A wealth of genetic, demographic, clinical and biomarker data is collected from routine clinical care of HIV patients and exists in the form of medical records available among the medical care and research communities. Machine learning (ML) methods have the ability to identify and discover patterns in complex datasets and predict future outcomes of HIV treatment. We survey published studies that m...

The treatment of a pregnant HIV positive patient with cryptococcal meningitis in Malawi. Case report and review of treatment options.

This case reports cryptococcal meningitis in an HIV positive woman on antiretroviral therapy, presenting with left middle cerebral artery stroke at 30...

Towards machine learned quality control: A benchmark for sharpness quantification in digital pathology.

Pathology is on the verge of a profound change from an analog and qualitative to a digital and quantitative discipline. This change is mostly driven b...

Acquaintance to Artificial Neural Networks and use of artificial intelligence as a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis: A review.

Tuberculosis [TB] has afflicted numerous nations in the world. As per a report by the World Health Organization [WHO], an estimated 1.4 million TB dea...

The Cost-effectiveness of a Point-of-Care Paper Transaminase Test for Monitoring Treatment of HIV/TB Co-Infected Persons.

BACKGROUND: Persons with HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection require transaminase monitoring while on hepatotoxic medications. A novel paper-based,...

RUDO: A Home Ambient Intelligence System for Blind People.

The article introduces an ambient intelligence system for blind people which besides providing assistance in home environment also helps with various ...

Improving fold resistance prediction of HIV-1 against protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors using artificial neural networks.

BACKGROUND: Drug resistance in HIV treatment is still a worldwide problem. Predicting resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) before starting any treatme...

Stroke: Wearable robot aids walking after stroke.

Identification of non-activated lymphocytes using three-dimensional refractive index tomography and machine learning.

Identification of lymphocyte cell types are crucial for understanding their pathophysiological roles in human diseases. Current methods for discrimina...

Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of single-tablet elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed, HIV-infected children: a single-arm, open-label trial.

BACKGROUND: No once-daily single-tablet regimen is available for HIV-infected children under 12 years. The single-tablet, fixed-dose combination of el...

Projections as visual aids for classification system design.

Dimensionality reduction is a compelling alternative for high-dimensional data visualization. This method provides insight into high-dimensional featu...

Unlocking echocardiogram measurements for heart disease research through natural language processing.

BACKGROUND: In order to investigate the mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in HIV infected and uninfected patients, an analysis of echocardiogram re...

Magnetic Properties as a Proxy for Predicting Fine-Particle-Bound Heavy Metals in a Support Vector Machine Approach.

The development of a reasonable statistical method of predicting the concentrations of fine-particle-bound heavy metals remains challenging. In this s...

Cascade recurring deep networks for audible range prediction.

BACKGROUND: Hearing Aids amplify sounds at certain frequencies to help patients, who have hearing loss, to improve the quality of life. Variables affe...

Auditory prediction errors as individual biomarkers of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder, typically diagnosed through symptomatic evidence collected through patient interview. We aim to devel...

Disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis with laryngeal involvement in a setting of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus . We report a case of disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis with muc...

Constrained binary classification using ensemble learning: an application to cost-efficient targeted PrEP strategies.

Binary classification problems are ubiquitous in health and social sciences. In many cases, one wishes to balance two competing optimality considerati...

Sensitive detection of rare disease-associated cell subsets via representation learning.

Rare cell populations play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of diseases such as cancer. However, the identification of such subpopulat...

Delays in switching patients onto second-line antiretroviral treatment at a public hospital in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal.

BACKGROUND: South Africa has one of the largest antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes globally. In addition to increasing access to ART, it is imp...