Infectious Disease

Artificial intelligence predicts recurrent autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation in a multicenter cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an important indication for liver transplantation (LT), but recurrence affects over 30% of recipients, threatening long-term survival. Current strategies to prevent recurrence and progressive graft fibrosis remain suboptimal, with limited evidence to guide selection of immunosuppressive regimens. We aimed to develop a dynamic, individualized, artificial in...

A custom GPT-based model for the automated analysis and interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility tests in Gram-negative bacteria.

INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacilli represents a growing clinical challenge that demands innovative tools to optimize antibiogram interpretation and support safe therapeutic decisions. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a custom generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) model for antibiogram interpretation, comparing its performance with an alternative model based on Gem...

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Triage in Emergency Departments: A Scoping Review of Clinical Applications, Outcomes, and Implementation Challenges.

OBJECTIVE: Emergency department (ED) triage determines patient prioritization, early risk recognition, and allocation of limited resources. Artificial...

A 3-year wastewater-based epidemiology study of noroviruses in Senegal.

UNLABELLED: Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide due to its high contagiousness, widespread transmission, and the lack of t...

Classification of fermentation methods for white mulberry products using fluorescence spectroscopy combined with deep learning.

In the field of cosmetic raw materials, accurately distinguishing plant fermentation extracts from traditional water extracts is crucial for ensuring ...

Recent progress in clinical and molecular biological research in rectal serrated lesions.

Colorectal cancer ranks among the most common malignancies worldwide. Rectal serrated lesions represent a significant precancerous condition, accounti...

Metabolic Mechanisms of INSTI-Associated Weight Gain: A Multi-Omics Study in Male People with HIV.

BACKGROUND: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTI) are recommended as first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection, yet are frequen...

Single-chain variable fragments in veterinary medicine: Intelligent design, efficient expression, and precision applications.

The development of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies constitutes a transformative advance in veterinary biologics. However, translation...

Preoperative Optimization for Ventral Hernia Repair: Augmented Evidence Review.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative optimization is widely recommended for patients undergoing ventral hernia repair. However, the clinical impact of individual ...

Automated detection of Eimeria tenella from hematoxylin and eosin-stained chicken cecal tissues using YOLOv4-based deep learning: A proof-of-concept study.

Avian coccidiosis is a disease primarily characterized by diarrhea caused by intestinal infection with protozoa of the genus Eimeria, causing signific...

Explainable deep learning for early sepsis detection from ICU time-series data using XAI techniques.

Sepsis is one of the most deadly illnesses with a high risk of mortality. Consequently, identifying it at the beginning of illness symptoms is crucial...

IDEAL-Age: an interpretable deep learning framework for single-cell resolution profiling of immunological aging.

Immunosenescence increases susceptibility to infection and reduces vaccine responsiveness, yet bulk transcriptomic clocks obscure the cellular heterog...

From Raw Hospital Records to an AI-Ready Surveillance Dataset: A FAIR-Compliant Data Pipeline for Healthcare-Associated Infection Research in a Chinese District Hospital.

The proliferation of hospital surveillance data in China has not been matched by publicly available, machine-readable datasets suitable for artificial...

Identifying cluster profiles based on barriers and facilitators to physical activity during COVID-19 confinement: A cross-sectional study using machine learning analysis.

Social restrictions, such as confinement periods, tend to reduce physical activity (PA) levels. However, sociodemographic factors may influence specif...

Image-based identification and DEA-based optimization modeling of antibiotic packaging using unsupervised learning techniques.

BACKGROUND: Ensuring medication safety requires accurate identification of antibiotic packaging, especially within pharmacy automation and dispensing ...

Application of Large Language Models to Predict Enteric Viruses Removal Using Surrogate Indicators.

Enteric virus monitoring in wastewater is constrained by sparse, costly data sets and imperfect surrogate relationships, limiting predictive modeling ...

Integrating network pharmacology, machine learning, and molecular docking to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of Huangqin in atopic dermatitis: A STROBE-compliant observational study.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with complex pathogenesis, and current therapies face limitations in efficacy and safet...

Characterization and Validation of EHR Computable Phenotypes for Long COVID Using Patient-Reported Symptoms: Insights from the Nationwide RECOVER Program.

OBJECTIVE: Long COVID (LC) remains poorly understood, and there is a critical need for advanced computational tools to better identify and characteriz...

A Pathway from Law to Care: How the Artificial Intelligence Act, the Medical Device Regulation, and the Public Procurement Directive Can Contribute to Ensuring Quality in Healthcare.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded in healthcare delivery, and when systems are scaled across clinical workflows, errors may have s...

Global genomic surveillance of β-lactam resistance in Escherichia coli across human, animal, and environmental reservoirs.

BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli poses a global health threat from increasing β-lactam resistance. This study uses genomic and One-Health data to map resi...