Infectious Disease

Evaluating the Intermediate Suspicion Category in Thyroid Nodules with AI Assistance: A Comparative Analysis of C-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS, and ATA Guidelines.

OBJECTIVE: To compare diagnostic performance and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) decision-making for thyroid nodules classified as "Intermediate Suspicion" across three major ultrasound-based risk stratification systems (2017 ACR-TIRADS, 2015 ATA guidelines, and 2020 C-TIRADS), with and without AI assistance. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 1,911 ultrasound images of thyroid nodules from 1...

Artificial Intelligence and JAIDS.

AI is a massively important tool for advancing the health of persons impacted by HIV. JAIDS is prioritizing rapid publication of research in this arena. AI also presents challenges to the quality of scientific publication and the bedrock peer review process that underpins scientific quality. JAIDS is committed to promoting the highest standard and rigor or science publication in the HIV space.

Integrated Genome-Wide Association Study and Machine Learning Approach for Characterizing the Determinants of Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a well-recognized pathogen known for its multi-drug resistance and diverse virulence mechanisms. Its ability to g...

Retraction notice to "Essential blood molecular signature for progression of sepsis-induced acute lung injury: Integrated bioinformatic, single-cell RNA Seq and machine learning analysis" [Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 282 (2024) 136961].

The Best of Both Worlds: How Combining a Large Language Model and a Rule-Based Algorithm Makes Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Surveillance More Efficient.

BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) surveillance is critical for patient safety. Many healthcare systems use electronic al...

Artificial Intelligence and Generative Models in Hepatology: From Large Language Models to Digital Pathology in Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment.

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly foundation and generative models, is reshaping the practice of hepatology through enhanced knowledge synthe...

Metagenomic screening of antimicrobial peptide candidates and isolation of two active peptides from bat gut bacteria.

Bacterial antibiotic resistance has intensified the need to identify new antimicrobial molecules from underexplored microbial systems. Wild mammalian ...

Model-Guided Optimization of a Low-Serum Medium for Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells Using a Kolmogorov-Arnold Network and Bayesian Optimization.

Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are important hosts for cell culture-based viral vaccine production, but fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplementati...

AI-Assisted Engineering of Glycyrrhizic Acid/Simvastatin Nanocrystals for Multifunctional Treatment of Bacterial Osteomyelitis.

Bacterial osteomyelitis remains a formidable challenge in clinic because existing monotherapies fail to block inevitable infection, uncontrolled infla...

Battling the Bots and Defending Against Fraudulent Responses in an International Community-Engaged Web-Based Survey With People Living With Long COVID: Methodological Study.

BACKGROUND: Web-based surveys involving self-reported questionnaires are vulnerable to fraudulent responses. Advancements in artificial intelligence a...

AI-assisted design of next-generation antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus remains a leading cause of life-threatening infections worldwide and is designated a high-priority pat...

Artificial intelligence-based methods and applications in clinical and diagnostic microbiology: Current challenges and future perspectives.

Microbiology laboratories play a critical role in the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. However, recent advancements aimed at reducing ...

Machine learning-based prediction of shigellosis in children under five: development and internal validation of a prediction model.

OBJECTIVES: Shigella remains a major cause of diarrhoea and mortality in children under five in low- and middle-income countries, where laboratory con...

Gut Microbiome in Depression with and without REM Sleep Behavior Disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a risk factor for neurodegeneration, yet its heterogeneity makes identifying at-risk subtype challenging. Notably, ...

Predicting, describing, or measuring? How to align model purpose with validity and applicability in critical care outcome research.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Clinical models are commonly applied in critical care for both descriptive and predictive purposes. However, methodological rigour ...

Efficacy of a Large Language Model Data Extraction System in Evidence Reviews for Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

BACKGROUND: Rapid evidence synthesis during emerging infectious and re-emerging disease outbreaks is critical, yet traditional systematic reviews rare...

An explainable multi-label Diagnostic Prediction Model for lung diseases based on proteomic biomarkers.

OBJECTIVES: Differential diagnosis of pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung cancer is highly challenging due to overlapping clinical presentations and hig...

Multiomics and artificial intelligence identify infection associated subtypes and prognostic signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma.

UNLABELLED: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global health burden with persistently high morbidity and mortality. Dysregulation of the t...

Genomic language models (gLMs): Emerging applications, challenges, and future directions in computational genomics.

Genomic language models (gLMs) are rapidly becoming important tools for learning biological information directly from sequence data. By adapting conce...

Personalized cancer vaccines: bridging immune-oncology and precision medicine for advanced therapeutics.

Despite advancements in therapeutic cancer vaccines, clinical translation has been hindered by limited efficacy, with Sipuleucel-T remaining the only ...