Infectious Disease

A Fluorescence Imaging- and Deep Learning-Based Approach for Detecting Hepatitis B Virus Integration into Host Genomes.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma, and HBV integration into the host genome is regularly observed in the liver of chronic HBV carriers and is speculated to trigger carcinogenesis. To detect HBV integration, PCR-based methods are sensitive but may not be effective depending on the HBV integration site. High-throughput sequencing reveals not only HBV integration ...

Large-scale cryptic proteome mining revealed potential phage-mediated host-pathogen genetic exchange in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Due to inevitable evolution, clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) exhibit distinct phenotypes and differ significantly from laboratory strains. This divergence is driven by the acquisition of diverse mutations, intragenomic recombination, and potentially phage-mediated genetic exchange. Further investigation is therefore required to better understand these differences, ...

Machine-guided design for bioengineering gene therapy vectors: Where are we and what lies ahead?

As viral vectors consolidate their role as leading vehicles in therapeutic gene delivery, the demand for finely engineered variants with optimized pro...

Machine Learning-Driven Capillary Microfluidic Design Automation for Programmable Gradient Generation and Antimicrobial Testing.

Rapid, portable, and automated determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is critical for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in decentr...

Prediction Model for Delirium in Patients with Sepsis-Associated Liver Injury: An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach.

BackgroundPatients with sepsis-associated liver injury (SALI) are at marked risk of delirium, a severe complication strongly linked with poor neurolog...

Dual-Scale StaphAIR: Predictive Modeling for the Diagnosis of S. aureus Infection via Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Cytokines and Antibodies.

Staphylococcus aureus causes life-threatening bacterial infections. Current diagnostics for bone infection consist of invasive sample collection and l...

Highly Efficient Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Carbon Dots through Hierarchical Machine Learning Framework.

The global threat of antibiotic resistance necessitates intelligent design strategies for next-generation antibacterial nanomaterials. Herein, high-ef...

Breaking glycolysis: allosteric hotspots for multi-target drug repurposing.

Glycolysis is essential for cellular energy production, making its enzymes attractive antimicrobial targets. Traditional strategies targeting conserve...

Early laboratory-based differentiation of severe influenza pneumonia and influenza-associated encephalopathy in children using a multi-model, stability-aware machine-learning workflow: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Influenza-associated encephalopathy and acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) are rare but devastating complications of pediatric influen...

A hybrid machine learning approach for automated malaria diagnosis from thin blood smear images.

BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, requiring diagnostic approaches that are rapid, cost-effective, and accurate. The p...

The role of whole genome sequencing in antimicrobial susceptibility prediction of bacteria: 2025 update from the EUCAST Subcommittee.

SCOPE: The 2017 European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) subcommittee report on the role of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) i...

Machine learning in diagnostic stewardship: A technical approach in improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing antibiotic use in false positive CSF cultures.

Diagnostic stewardship emphasises ordering the right tests, at the right time for the patient and also promotes the judicious use of rapid and accurat...

Efficacy and safety evaluation of artificial intelligence-identified antimicrobial peptides targeting avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in broiler chickens.

BACKGROUND: The overuse of antibiotics in both veterinary and human medicine has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, prompting...

Co-Evolution of the Activity and Thermostability of (R)-Transaminase AcTA by Data-Driven Exploration of Combinatorial Mutagenesis Space.

Optically active (R)-amines are pivotal building blocks of a variety of agrochemicals and food-related bioactive compounds. To construct a biocatalyti...

Divergent fates: Polystyrene microplastics alter trifloxystrobin degradation and microbial ecology differently in agricultural soil vs. river sediment.

This study investigates the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on trifloxystrobin (TRI) degradation behavior and microbial community struct...

PromoterAtlas: decoding regulatory sequences across Gammaproteobacteria using a transformer model.

Recent advances in deep learning, particularly transformer architectures, have improved computational approaches for biological sequence analysis. Des...

Leveraging artificial intelligence to predict non-adherence to pediatric immunization schedules: a systematic review.

UNLABELLED: Immunization is one of the most effective interventions to prevent infectious diseases. Identifying individuals at risk of non-adherence t...

Integrative bioinformatics and machine learning reveal an association of LTF and MMP8 with systemic inflammation and lung injury.

BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury and its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), represent life-threatening conditions with high mortali...

Key aroma-active compounds and machine learning classification of chestnut baijiu revealed by molecular sensory, docking, and pathway analyses.

Chestnut baijiu is a strong-flavoured spirit, distilled from steamed, Aspergillus-saccharified and Saccharomyces-fermented chestnut. To explore the co...

Partisan differences in childhood measles vaccination and general refusals: a retrospective cohort study of electronic health records in the United States, 1988-2024.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination remains one of the most effective public health tools globally. Yet recent years have seen increasing political polarization a...