Orthopedics

Evaluation of Context-Aware Prompting Techniques for Classification of Tumor Response Categories in Radiology Reports Using Large Language Model.

Radiology reports are essential for medical decision-making, providing crucial data for diagnosing diseases, devising treatment plans, and monitoring disease progression. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in processing free-text reports, research on effective prompting techniques for radiologic applications remains limited. To evaluate the effectiveness of LLM-driven classifica...

AI Screening Tool Based on X-Rays Improves Early Detection of Decreased Bone Density in a Clinical Setting.

PURPOSE: Osteoporosis is an under-screened musculoskeletal disorder that results in diminished quality of life and significant burden to the healthcare system. We aimed to evaluate the ability of Rho, an artificial intelligence (AI) tool, to prospectively identify patients at-risk for low bone mineral density (BMD) from standard x-rays, its adoption rate by radiologists, and acceptance by primary ...

Modified UNet-enhanced ultrasonic superb microvascular imaging feature extraction and grading of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is recognized as the most frequently encountered median nerve (MN) entrapment neuropathy, with a disproportionate burden ...

Quantifying 3D foot and ankle alignment using an AI-driven framework: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Accurate assessment of foot and ankle alignment through clinical measurements is essential for diagnosing deformities, treatment planning, ...

An AI-based pipeline for osteoporosis/osteopenia prediction using hip radiographs.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an artificial intelligence-based tool for the diagnosis of osteoporosis/osteopenia using hip radiographs. The tool ...

Multiplexed, rapid phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing based on angle-resolved light scattering imaging of microfluidic droplets.

INTRODUCTION: There is an urgent need for rapid, high-throughput phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) capable of assessing a microbia...

AI demonstrates comparable diagnostic performance to radiologists in MRI detection of anterior cruciate ligament tears: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common knee injuries, affecting 1 in 3500 people annually. With rising rate...

Localizing Knee Pain via Explainable Bayesian Generative Models and Counterfactual MRI: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Osteoarthritis (OA) pain often does not correlate with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected structural abnormalities, limiting the clinical utili...

Support Vector Machines: Techniques and Applications.

Support vector machines (SVMs) are widely utilized in health care research for tasks such as classification, regression, and outlier detection. These ...

The Impact of Humanoid Robot's Presence on Human's Cognitive Control in a Stop-Signal Task.

Motor inhibition-a key aspect of cognitive control-is crucial in interactive contexts, where partners must suppress and adjust actions for optimal coo...

Current State-of-the-Art 3D MRI Sequences for Assessing Bone Morphology with Emphasis on Cranial and Spinal Imaging: A Narrative Review.

Traditionally, CT has been the go-to method for visualizing bone structures, while MRI has been preferred for assessing soft tissues, because structur...

Unfolding the diagnostic pipeline of diabetic retinopathy with artificial intelligence: A systematic review.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment globally, necessitating early and accurate detection through effective screening met...

Single Port Robot-Assisted Supraclavicular Flap Repair of Iatrogenic Hardware-Associated Pharyngeal Perforation: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of iatrogenic pharyngeal perforation has been reported to comprise 50%-75% of all pharyngeal perforations. In the context of...

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Shoulder Ultrasonography: A Narrative Review.

Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint requiring accurate imaging for diagnosis and management. Ultrasound is favored for its accessibili...

Deep-Learning System for Automatic Measurement of the Femorotibial Rotational Angle on Lower-Extremity Computed Tomography.

To develop and validate a deep-learning-based algorithm for automatic identification of anatomical landmarks and calculating femoral and tibial versio...

Letter to the editor regarding Ritter et al: "Machine learning models can define clinically relevant bone density subgroups based on patient-specific calibrated computed tomography scans in patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty".

Response to Baek et al. regarding: "Machine learning models can define clinically relevant bone density subgroups based on patient-specific calibrated computed tomography scans in patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty".

Assessing the ability of large language models to simplify lumbar spine imaging reports into patient-facing text: a pilot study of GPT-4.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of large language models (LLMs) to accurately simplify lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports. MATERIA...

Utility of Multiclass Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting Same-Day Discharge Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Length of stay (LOS) is a substantial driver of costs following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), leading to increased efforts target...

Comparative Evaluation of Deep Learning and Foundation Model Embeddings for Osteoarthritis Feature Classification in Knee Radiographs.

Foundation models (FM) offer a promising alternative to supervised deep learning (DL) by enabling greater flexibility and generalizability without rel...