Psychiatry

Machine learning and causal inference applied to the gut metagenome-metabolome axis reveals a link between neonatal jaundice and autism spectrum disorder.

UNLABELLED: Neonatal jaundice (NJ) might increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. This study examined whether alterations in the gut microbiota could explain the link between NJ and ASD. We analyzed three cohorts: NJ cohort 1 comprised 68 neonates with NJ and 68 healthy controls (HCs); NJ cohort 2 included 56 infants with NJ and 14 HCs; and the ASD cohort consisted of 43 ch...

EEG-based schizophrenia classification using attention-integrated deep convolutional networks.

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder marked by cognitive and perceptual disruptions, for which electroencephalography (EEG) provides a valuable non-invasive biomarker. In this study, we propose a convolutional attention-based deep learning framework for the automatic detection of schizophrenia from EEG signals. The model integrates spatial feature extraction via convolutional layers wit...

Immunoprotective and neuroprotective properties of gut microbiome in psoriasis.

Psoriasis impacts nearly 100 million people globally and is associated with neuropsychiatric comorbidities such as depression and anxiety. With gut mi...

Gaborformer: A method for depression detection through hybrid acoustic feature extraction and fusion.

Depression, a complex and heterogeneous mental disorder, poses significant challenges for timely and effective detection, highlighting the need for ad...

An Interpretable Hybrid Neural Network Integrating Sinc-Convolution and Transformer for EEG-Based Depression Detection.

EEG recordings obtained before medication are regarded as valuable biological indicators for depression detection. Currently, depression diagnosis bas...

Advancing patient stratification in major depressive disorder: Evaluation of clinical staging and machine learning prediction models based on real-world data.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of a clinical staging model and compared its prognostic performance with an unsupervised machine learning-based str...

Depression detection from speech data using deep learning-based optimized temporal-frequency-channel attention with interpretable acoustic-prosodic mapping.

Detecting depression from voice recordings is challenging because acoustic indicators are often highly subtle and vary broadly among individuals. A ke...

Exploring temperamental and clinical predictors of lithium treatment outcomes in bipolar disorder using diverse machine learning approaches.

BACKGROUND: Lithium is a core treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), yet clinical response varies across patients. Testing accessible predictors of lith...

Multi-view ensemble learning for EEG-based detection of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Psychiatric disorders pose a critical challenge in modern healthcare due to their high prevalence, complex symptomatology, and reliance on subjective ...

Brain states analysis of EEG predicts multiple sclerosis and mirrors disease duration and burden.

BACKGROUND: Any treatment of multiple sclerosis should preserve mental function, considering how cognitive deterioration interferes with quality of li...

Interpretable Aging Signatures in Human Retinal Cell Types Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Sparse Logistic Regression.

PURPOSE: To characterize cell-type-specific transcriptional changes during human retinal aging and develop machine learning (ML) model for cellular ag...

Multi-scale EEG analysis identifies neural circuit signatures of iTBS responsiveness in major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly variable, underscoring the need for bioma...

Examining attention- deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in endurance and ultra-endurance runners.

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifactorial and complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Prevalence of ADHD in the gen...

Impact of mobile phone use on the brain activity: Audio call vs video call.

The growing dependence on mobile phones for communication has raised concerns regarding the neurological impact of radio-frequency electromagnetic fie...

Physical exercise protects cardiovascular fitness in long-term spaceflight: what have we learned?

As space exploration advances into the era of deep space exploration, humanity faces unprecedented challenges in maintaining astronaut health, not onl...

Is chronic low back pain related to sleep disturbances? A self-organizing maps for unsupervised machine learning-based patient phenotyping.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a multifactorial condition and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Among the various contribu...

Altered gut microbiome function in ADHD: More Prevotella, less vitamin B12 biosynthesis, and beneficial modulation by synbiotic treatment.

The effect of psychostimulant medication in ADHD on the gut microbiome remains unknown. Oral Synbiotic 2000, comprising multiple lactic acid bacteria ...

Ensemble transformer with post-hoc explanations for depression emotion and severity detection.

This study presents an ensemble transformer framework for detecting depression-related emotions and classifying their severity in social media text. I...

Polycrystalline InGaO Thin-Film Transistor with SiO2 Gate Insulator for High-Performance Artificial Synapses.

Metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS)-based synaptic transistors are promising candidates for highly integrated neuromorphic chips. Ferroelectrics and elect...

Adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury exhibit increased pain empathic neural reactivity and personal distress to physical but not affective pain.

BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents represents a critical public health issue. While symptomatic links between NSSI and alterat...