Infectious Disease

Public Health

Latest AI and machine learning research in public health for healthcare professionals.

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Systematic toxicological study of PFOS/PFOA co-exposure driving prostate cancer: Core target identification, TME immune remodeling, and combination drug prediction

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), particularly perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are persistent organic pollutants ubiquitous in the environment. Epidemiological evidence has closely linked them to an elevated risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which combined PFOS/PFOA exposure promotes prostate cancer...

Machine learning cross-platform proteomic imputation enables protein quality scoring and replication of epidemiological associations

High-throughput affinity-based proteomics has advanced biomedical research, yet fundamental, persistent discordance between mainstream platforms (SomaScan and Olink) routinely undermines the replication of findings. This platform-driven non-replication complicates downstream biological validation and biomarker prioritization. Here, we develop a machine learning-based framework for cross-platform p...

Simpler is not always better: Phylodynamic misspecification and deep-learning corrections

Phylodynamics bridges the gap between epidemiology and pathogen genetic data by estimating epidemiological parameters from time-scaled pathogen phylog...

Deep Learning-Based Structure Modeling of the Treponema pallidum Proteome: Insights into Pathogenesis and Syphilis Vaccine Development

Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, has a small proteome and encompasses numerous strains. Knowledge gaps remain in und...

Enhancing dengue diagnosis and surveillance by integrating machine learning technologies with the NS1 rapid test kit

Background. Dengue has been a major health threat globally in recent years. In particular, dengue incidences continue to increase annually and the epi...

Evaluating Reference-Independent Pipelines for the Detection of Spreading Organisms in Metagenomic Datasets

The emergence of unidentified pathogens, or "Disease X," poses a significant threat to global health, necessitating the development of proactive surve...

Interpretable sequence-based machine learning consolidates candidate H3N2 hemagglutinin antigenic sites

Vaccine strain selection for seasonal influenza A(H3N2) depends on knowing which hemagglutinin (HA) substitutions are most likely to erode neutralizin...

Species-specific transformer models of bacterial gene order and content for genomic surveillance tasks

Transformer models enable functionally meaningful representation of complex biological data, such as nucleotide or protein sequences. Existing foundat...

Validation of an AI-Assisted Framework for Systematic Bias Assessment in Observational Studies

Background: The rapid expansion of medical literature has led to substantial variability and frequent contradictions in study findings, making it incr...

CladePredictor - MPXV: An alignment-free Artificial Intelligence-based classifier of complete and partial mpox virus genomes

Poxviruses constitute a threat to human health. Since 2022, two public health emergencies of international concern due to global spread of mpox viruse...

Generative diffusion models for spatiotemporal influenza forecasting

Forecasting infectious disease incidence can provide important information to guide public health planning, yet is difficult because epidemic dynamics...

Apr 27 2026 2604.24913v1
Pediatric HIV Hotspots in Kenya: Machine Learning and Geostatistical Analysis for Enhanced Case Finding

Background Although Kenya's HIV programme has long prioritized high-burden counties for intensified paediatric interventions, a critical evidence gap ...

Predicting Depressive Symptoms Among Reproductive-Aged Women in Bangladesh Using Bagging Ensemble Machine Learning on Imbalanced Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2022 Data

Background Depressive symptoms among reproductive-aged women represent a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries, yet systemat...

Evaluating quality in synthetic data generation for large tabular health datasets

There is no consensus in the field of synthetic data on concise metrics for quality evaluations or benchmarks on large health datasets, such as histor...

Apr 17 2026 2604.15961v1
Assessing The Feasibility of AI-Driven Systems for Early Detection of Infectious Diseases at Julius Nyerere International Airport, Tanzania: Policy, Infrastructure, and Ethical Considerations

This study evaluates the feasibility of implementing artificial intelligence (AI)-driven disease surveillance systems at Julius Nyerere International ...

Development and evaluation of CADe systems in low-prevalence setting: The RARE25 challenge for early detection of Barrett's neoplasia

Computer-aided detection (CADe) of early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus is a low-prevalence surveillance problem in which clinically relevant findin...

Apr 13 2026 2604.11171v1
Immune2V: Image Immunization Against Dual-Stream Image-to-Video Generation

Image-to-video (I2V) generation has the potential for societal harm because it enables the unauthorized animation of static images to create realistic...

Apr 12 2026 2604.10837v1
Using Synthetic Data for Machine Learning-based Childhood Vaccination Prediction in Narok, Kenya

Background: Limited data utilization in low-resource settings poses a barrier to the vaccine delivery ecosystem, undermining efforts to achieve equita...

Apr 10 2026 2604.08902v1
Physical Adversarial Attacks on AI Surveillance Systems:Detection, Tracking, and Visible--Infrared Evasion

Physical adversarial attacks are increasingly studied in settings that resemble deployed surveillance systems rather than isolated image benchmarks. I...

Apr 8 2026 2604.06865v1
SurFITR: A Dataset for Surveillance Image Forgery Detection and Localisation

We present the Surveillance Forgery Image Test Range (SurFITR), a dataset for surveillance-style image forgery detection and localisation, in response...

Apr 8 2026 2604.07101v1
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