Public Health

Machine learning identifies signatures of host adaptation in the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica.

Emerging pathogens are a major threat to public health, however understanding how pathogens adapt to new niches remains a challenge. New methods are urgently required to provide functional insights into pathogens from the massive genomic data sets now being generated from routine pathogen surveillance for epidemiological purposes. Here, we measure the burden of atypical mutations in protein coding...

Emerging trends in geospatial artificial intelligence (geoAI): potential applications for environmental epidemiology.

Geospatial artificial intelligence (geoAI) is an emerging scientific discipline that combines innovations in spatial science, artificial intelligence methods in machine learning (e.g., deep learning), data mining, and high-performance computing to extract knowledge from spatial big data. In environmental epidemiology, exposure modeling is a commonly used approach to conduct exposure assessment to ...

Detection of Suicidality in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Developing a Natural Language Processing Approach for Use in Electronic Health Records.

Over 15% of young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) will contemplate or attempt suicide during adolescence. Yet, there is limited evidence c...

Detecting Opioid-Related Aberrant Behavior using Natural Language Processing.

The United States is in the midst of a prescription opioid epidemic, with the number of yearly opioid-related overdose deaths increasing almost fourfo...

Electronic Surveillance For Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Using Natural Language Processing.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a common and costly healthcare-associated infection, yet measuring it accurately is challenging...

Detecting Evidence of Intra-abdominal Surgical Site Infections from Radiology Reports Using Natural Language Processing.

Free-text reports in electronic health records (EHRs) contain medically significant information - signs, symptoms, findings, diagnoses - recorded by c...

Understanding the Patterns of Health Information Dissemination on Social Media during the Zika Outbreak.

Social media are important platforms for risk communication during public health crises. Effective dissemination of accurate, relevant, and up-to-date...

Antibody response to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is not impaired in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or primary Sjögren's syndrome without disease modifying treatment.

BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). However, little i...

Intelligent judgements over health risks in a spatial agent-based model.

BACKGROUND: Millions of people worldwide are exposed to deadly infectious diseases on a regular basis. Breaking news of the Zika outbreak for instance...

A new scheme for strain typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on the basis of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry by using machine learning approach.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), one of the most important clinical pathogens, conducts an increasing number of morbidity and morta...

Deep neural models for ICD-10 coding of death certificates and autopsy reports in free-text.

We address the assignment of ICD-10 codes for causes of death by analyzing free-text descriptions in death certificates, together with the associated ...

Computational Strategies for Dissecting the High-Dimensional Complexity of Adaptive Immune Repertoires.

The adaptive immune system recognizes antigens an immense array of antigen-binding antibodies and T-cell receptors, the immune repertoire. The interr...

A review of influenza detection and prediction through social networking sites.

Early prediction of seasonal epidemics such as influenza may reduce their impact in daily lives. Nowadays, the web can be used for surveillance of dis...

Cockcroft-Gault, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations for estimating glomerular filtration rates in cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Although the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation has been recommended for accurate estimates of glomerula...

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) seroprevalence and current epidemiology in England and Wales.

INTRODUCTION: The implementation of the Hib conjugate vaccine in the United Kingdom in 1992 resulted in a rapid decline in invasive Hib disease across...

Randomized clinical trial of a single versus a double dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults 55 through 74 years of age previously vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.

INTRODUCTION: In older adults, prior administration of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) blunts the opsonophagocytic antibody (OP...

Pathologic Outcomes of Candidates for Active Surveillance Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy: Results from a Contemporary Turkish Patient Cohort.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the pathological outcomes of Turkish men meeting the criteria for Active Surveillance (AS), who elected to undergo immediate...

Avian influenza overview September - November 2017.

Between 1 September and 15 November 2017, 48 A(H5N8) highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in poultry holdings and 9 H5 HPAI wild bird ev...

[Surveillance of Sensitivity to Penicillin in streptococcus Agalactiae recovered from pregnant women between 35-37 weeks of gestation].

Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) cause severe infections in newborns under three months. Meningitis, pneumonia and sepsis are the main infectious diseas...

Big Data in Public Health: Terminology, Machine Learning, and Privacy.

The digital world is generating data at a staggering and still increasing rate. While these "big data" have unlocked novel opportunities to understand...